1. Settling The Chesapeake 2.2

2. Jamestown Colony Inadequate labor –gold over farming –“would rather starve than work” Inadequate supplies High death rate –Malaria, dysentery, typhoid –1607 (104-50) –1609 (400-65) winter “starving time”

3. VA Co. Stabilizes Colony 1607 John Smith autocratic rule Forced labor –“He that will not work, shall not eat” 1618 Headright System –50 acres anyone pays way over or servants way –Large estates

4. “Charter of Grants & Liberties” Replaced military style gov’t 1619 House of Burgesses –1 st elected assembly –Landowner can vote –Company picks Gov. & has veto power –Other colonies follow 1619 20 slaves arrive VA dominated by slave-owning planters

5. Powhatan’s World 15k – 25k 2 yrs VA Co. & Smith kind to Indians & trade 1610 settlers massacre villages & destroy crops 1614 peace restore John Rolfe married Pocahontas –Died 1617 England

6. War 1622 English permanent expanding colony Opechancanough kill 1/3 VA pop. Settlers retaliate Indians forfeited any claim to land Trade continued Power shifted to English

7. War 1644 Opechancanough defeated again Indians moved to reservations west –Separation VA now a Royal Colony –Investors made no money –London ignores it for yrs –Local elite govern selves

8. Tobacco West Indian – John Rolfe Rise of Planter elite (get rich quick) Small farmers (ex-servants) Demand for land & labor

9. White VA Society Wealthy gentry (Planters) Small farmer Poor laborers (3/4) –Indentured servants –Ex-servants

10. Women & Family VA lacked women-“tobacco brides” Indentured servants –Families mid 20’s –Hard work & early death –Abuse Femme sole Widows poverty

11. Maryland Tobacco planter society Cecilius Calvert Absolute power of proprietor vs. rights of colonists Generous headright system –50 acres High death rate Land prospects diminish

12. Religious-Political Tensions Calvert’s Catholic leanings vs. settler’s Protestant leanings English Civil War (1640’s) –Verge of anarchy –Protestant majority seize power

13. Reforms Calvert appoints Protestant Gov. Refuge for Dissenters (VA & England) Act Concerning Religion (1649) –Religious toleration –Only Christians are free