1. Political Effects & Changes After the Rwandan Genocide May 14, 2010 Group 4: Margaret Flazer Ashlyn Kawamata Francesca Koethe

2. What were the Effects? After the Rwandan genocide, there were dramatic changes that influenced the political sphere: the government structure internal reconstruction foreign policy

3. So What?! Why care about Rwanda after the fact? –We stop caring, we stop helping –We need to help them rebuild If not: chaos and killings may relapse

4. History of Rwandan Genocide Major Factors led to killings –B–Belgian power: favor Tutsi over Hutu Tutsi-elite class (own cows) Hutu-Working class –R–Racial tensions  political turmoil 1959 civil war: hate on Hutu power –P–President Juvenal Hayarimana (Hutu) lose power »S»Shift hate to Tutsis: gain favoritism/power

5. 100 Days of Killing April 6,1994: Hayarimana assassinated Blame Tutsis  mass killings 800,000 killed: fastest genocide ever Tutsi take over Kigali July 4 th 1994 –Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) take power

6. Change in Political Structure Tutsis take power (RPF enforce) Paul Kagame take over –Focus on building peace and unity –Attempt to erase Hutu Rebel groups Party Systems now free to opinion –9 different parties (6 affiliate w/ RPF) –Kept on short leash many rules to prevent racial tensions

7. Demographics in System Change Women: increase due to lack of males Nurture and forgive more naturally –Gov’t rule: 50% of parliament must be female International leaders –Example: Aloysie Cyanayirel: chief justice Hutus: Decrease in size –Keep some in high ranked spots –Represent all in government A way to forgive

8. Change in the Justice System Need to persecute Hutus for justice International Tribunal of Rwanda –Tanzania: Setup by UN –Search for planners/directors of genocide –25 huge cases completed Emmanual Rukundo: 25 years sentence

9. Change in Justice System cont’d Gacacca Court: Many to persecute locally –G–Get through trials quicker –O–One per district: 19 judges each Most courts closing in July 2010 (effective) Prisoners: bad conditions –i–i.e. Gitarma Prison- unregulated –N–Now: release most prisoners over time

10. Country Reconstruction Emotional Building Peace, Reconciliation and Unity on the Lessons of Memory Emphasize moral values Teach history of genocide –L–Learn from past Physical Transport Sector Development Project –Improve roads  stimulate economy Improve stability and quality of life –Job opportunities increase

11. Reconstruct Education System Joint Education Sector Support: –strengthen technology & science class Future leaders to stabilize country –Train teachers and regulate progress Specific studies: bio-chem & math –Provide for students: New labs and equipment Textbook availability

12. International Relations CHINA Give supplies: rice & sugar Rebuild country –H–Hospitals and buildings Rwanda trade aid for faith –G–Give niobium and tantalum ore, and paulowia logs UNITED STATES Little contribution Drop supplies Train Rwandan military Remove land mines

13. International Relations cont’d Rwanda ministers campaign new activities –Help to gain support & money abroad Ex-Forces Armees Rwandaises –Recruit rebel Hutus for Rwandan army –Stop revolts

14. External Displacement Genocide  Hutu displacement –Leave to be free of persecution 650,000 leave to Ruhengeri and Gisenvi 2 Million flee to Congo Genocide  Tutsis return –1997: 1.8 Million go home, feel safe Effects of Displacement: refugee camps –O–Orphans left behind, no family –N–NGO’s like UNICEF help kids and refugees Educate, council, and support

15. As Global Citizens… WE will educate on status of Rwanda –Without constant observation Could fall back into genocide Donation: –By becoming economically stable  emotionally stable Help prevent genocide Learn from the past and grow How will you participate? –We can do nothing

16. Or we can participate in Rwanda support The CHOICE is yours

17. Picture URL’s http://www.togetherforadoption.org/wp-content/media/as-we-forgive.jpg http://www.asweforgivemovie.com/images/awf_ra_sm.jpg http://www.snvworld.org/en/countries/tanzania/aboutus/news/PublishingImages/Education.JPG http://blogs.technet.com/photos/unlimited_potential_team/images/3285641/original.aspx http://www.urbanfaith.com/images/RwandanForgiveness450x300.jpg http://blogs.dfid.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/classroom-construction-supported-by-sbs-contribution-from-dfid.jpg http://www.constructionkenya.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/road-under-construction.jpg http://www.fjau.edu.cn/upload/image/lwdkg2(1).jpg http://www.africom.mil/file.asp?HR=2&ID=20091019121120 http://akorra.com/sites/default/files/Gitarama_prison.jpg http://nerrati.net/afrique-dossier/images/afr-centrale/rdc/armee/soldats/soldats-fardc-formes-par-les-parachutistes-belgs.jpg http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://blog.earthshope.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/shapeimage_1- 13.jpg&imgrefurl=http://blog.earthshope.org/tag/rwanda/&usg=__IrIh8yulIktkblMY87PDrf57Hj0=&h=400&w=700&sz=88&hl=en&start=2&sig2=CYs2tdbCCN5fsse06QIu 6w&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=N2kDWOsYFTTLHM:&tbnh=80&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3Drwanda%2Bministers%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26ndsp%3D20%26tbs% 3Disch:1&ei=oF7qS8y4LZbutgPBz9XSBw http://drccrisisguide.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/displacement-in-kivu2.jpg http://iconicphotos.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/machete-rwanda.jpg http://patdollard.com/wp-content/uploads/rawanda.jpg http://www.globalsolutions.org/files/general/Rwandan-Genocide.jpg http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.globalresearch.ca/articlePictures/habyarimanaplane1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php%3Fc ontext%3Dva%26aid%3D11133&usg=__GQ2gEo0iRZFAmUz0woojbV_-1OM=&h=395&w=610&sz=96&hl=en&start=5&sig2=9WSEviDA1RIed1m- m9DdcQ&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=QaJojS6mEIQWDM:&tbnh=88&tbnw=136&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpresident%2Bhabyarimana%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disc h:1&ei=pmPqS7bTHYeMswPs_MnYBw http://www.enjoyfrance.com/images/stories/france/political/Paul-Kagame.jpg http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ugandarecord.co.ug/photos/Rwanda%2520--- %2520RPF%2520commander%2520Maj.%2520Gen.%2520Paul%2520Kagame%2520and%2520escorts,%2520Feb.%252011,%25201993-20100204- 125809.png&imgrefurl=http://my.barackobama.com/page/community/group/TheIRInternationalRelationsForum&usg=__Sr- XD5hpqvfZWj1T8tf2_zli_VQ=&h=265&w=398&sz=332&hl=en&start=9&sig2=9naBvJW2Q6Ut0r8B5iCtkw&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=LJc2z6W- pTUb0M:&tbnh=83&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3DRwandan%2Bpolitical%2Bparties%2BRPF%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch:1&ei=d2XqS- GyD5CSswOen9zDBw http://media3.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/photo/2008/10/26/PH2008102602534.jpg http://static.rnw.nl/migratie/www.rnw.nl/images/assets/16682429-redirected http://www.rnw.nl/data/files/imagecache/must_carry/images/lead/ictr%20building.jpg http://www.childrensworld.org/downloads/aocm7.jpg http://i.telegraph.co.uk/telegraph/multimedia/archive/01381/rwanda1_1381373c.jpg