2.  What do all of the following statements have in common?  “You have a beautiful smile.”  “I heard that sigh. Is there something wrong?”  “I bite my nails when I’m nervous.”  “Her house smells like cat pee.”  They all refer to nonverbal communication

3. O VERLAPS BETWEEN VERBAL AND NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION  The dividing line is not clear and distinct.  Verbal and vocal cues are interrelated  Emblems have clearly codified meanings  Sign language is not nonverbal communication

4. D EFINITION  Nonverbal communication is “communication other than written or spoken language that creates meaning for someone” (p. 4).  nonverbal communication is everything that isn’t language  Verbal communication exists in the “world of words.”  Nonverbal communication is wordless encoding or sending nonverbal cues encoding or receiving nonverbal cues

5. V ERBAL VS. NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION  verbal  nonverbal Oh fudge! That frickin’ hurts! Aaaaagggghhhh!

6. BEHAVIOR VERSUS COMMUNICATION  Not all nonverbal behavior is nonverbal communication  Simple acts such as breathing, sleeping, standing, sitting, blinking, sleeping, flinching are pure behaviors.  When meaning is assigned to nonverbal behavior, it becomes nonverbal communication  Nonverbal behavior  Sleeping  coughing  Not making a sound  Nonverbal communication  Sleeping in class  Clearing your throat to signal you wish to speak  Not saying “hello”

7. 1. C ONTINUOUS NATURE OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION  Nonverbal communication is continuous  Nonverbal communication is ongoing  A smile may begin and end, but it is only one aspect of nonverbal communication  Nonverbal cues are being sent even when someone is not talking  Nonverbal channels are continuously available  Verbal communication is discrete  Language starts and stops  One person talks, then another, and so on.

8. N ONVERBALLY ONE CANNOT NOT COMMUNICATE  When in the presence of another person it is impossible not to communicate nonverbally  Cannot “shut up” nonverbally  Giving someone the “silent treatment” only applies to language  Proxemics; one must be at some distance from another person.

9. 2. NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES  Different brain hemispheres process language and emotion  Language is processed primarily in the left hemisphere  Nonverbal cues are processed primarily in the right hemisphere  Right hemisphere excels at spatial relationships, affect or emotion, deciphering nonverbal cues, music and melody  The two hemispheres are not mutually exclusive.  Functions can be shared  Hemispheres can compensate for one another analytical language logic math facts emotion imagination intuitive music spatial

10. 3. R EFLECTIVE VS. REFLEXIVE  Generally speaking, verbal communication requires  more thought  greater conscious awareness  greater intentionality  Verbal communication is usually perceived as more intentional, conscious  Generally speaking, nonverbal communication is  less thoughtful  less mindful, intentional  more spontaneous  However, nonverbal cues can also be highly planned, strategic

11. 4. C OMMUNICATION CONTENT  Language is best- suited for communicating cognitive information  facts  thoughts, ideas  beliefs, attitudes, opinions  argument, reasoning  Nonverbal is best suited for affective communication  feelings  emotions  attitudes

12. W ORDS ON THE LEFT, FEELINGS ON THE RIGHT  In January 2011, Congresswoman Gabriel Giffords was shot in the left side of her head by Jared Loughner.  She has difficulty speaking (left hemisphere), but can sing songs (right hemisphere).