2. Lesson 2 Care and Problems of the Cardiovascular System If heart disease runs in your family, you need to make careful choices now to promote a lifetime of cardiovascular health.

3. Lesson 2 Lesson Objectives Discuss health promotion and prevention of cardiovascular disease Examine the effects of health behaviors on the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems Identify warning signs that prompt individuals to seek health care In this lesson, you will learn to:

4. Lesson 2 Healthful Habits Health Behaviors and the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Follow a well-balanced diet that is low in saturated fats, cholesterol, and salt. Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on the heart, blood vessels, and lymph vessels. Participate in regular aerobic exercise for at least 30 minutes three to four times per week. Avoid the use of tobacco products and exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke. Avoid illegal drugs, including stimulants, marijuana, and ecstasy (MDMA).

5. Lesson 2 Blood Pressure Blood pressure is an indicator of cardiovascular health.Blood pressure Chronic high blood pressure is an early indicator of several cardiovascular system problems and should prompt individuals of all ages to seek health care. Prevention of high blood pressure includes staying physically active, avoiding tobacco and drugs, and following a healthful eating plan that is low in salt. Health Behaviors and the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

6. Lesson 2 Common Cardiovascular System Problems Congenital Heart Defects Heart MurmurVaricose VeinsAnemiaLeukemiaHemophiliaCardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular System Problems

7. Lesson 2 Congenital Heart Defects Most congenital heart defects require medication and possibly surgery to repair the affected portion of the heart.congenital Use of alcohol and other drugs during pregnancy is associated with heart defects in newborns. Certain infections during pregnancy can also increase the risk of congenital heart defects. Some cases may be hereditary. Cardiovascular System Problems

8. Lesson 2 Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is actually a group of diseases of the cardiovascular system that includes hypertension, heart disease, and stroke. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 95,000 Americans die of CVD each year. Many of these diseases are associated with lifestyle behaviors. Early detection is important for reducing the risk for CVD. Cardiovascular System Problems

9. Lesson 2 Heart Murmur Heart murmurs are abnormal sounds that are made as blood flows through the heart. Some heart murmurs may be very slight and disappear without treatment. Other murmurs can be an indication of problems in the heart, such as the valve between the left atrium and ventricle not closing properly, and may require surgery. Cardiovascular System Problems

10. Lesson 2 Varicose Veins Varicose veins form if valves in the veins do not close tightly enough to prevent backflow of blood. Varicose veins become enlarged and can be painful. Weakened valves can be the result of a congenital defect or natural aging. Treatment includes reducing standing time, exercise, elevating legs when sleeping, and in severe cases, surgery to remove the affected vein. Cardiovascular System Problems

11. Lesson 2 Anemia Anemia can result from low numbers of red blood cells or from low concentrations of hemoglobin in the blood.Anemia The most common cause of anemia is iron deficiency, which can be avoided by eating foods high in iron. Taking an iron supplement also may be recommended by a medical professional. Cardiovascular System Problems

12. Lesson 2 Leukemia The abnormal white blood cells cannot function properly, making the leukemia patient very susceptible to infection.leukemia Because all blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, the uncontrolled production of white blood cells can hinder the production of red blood cells and platelets. The result is infection, severe anemia, or uncontrolled bleeding. Chemotherapy and radiation are among the treatment options. Cardiovascular System Problems

13. Lesson 2 Hemophilia Hemophilia is an inherited disorder in which the blood does not clot properly. This may cause uncontrolled bleeding that can occur spontaneously or as a result of injury. Bleeding can take place internally in muscles, tissues of the digestive and urinary tract, and the joints. It may also occur externally as a result of injury or surgery. Treatment for hemophilia includes injections that introduce the missing clotting factors into the blood. Cardiovascular System Problems

14. Lesson 2 Some Common Problems with the Lymphatic System Lymphatic System Problems Immune DeficiencyHodgkin’s Disease Tonsillitis

15. Lesson 2 Immune Deficiency Immune deficiencies occur when the immune system can no longer protect against infection. Some deficiencies may be congenital, and others can be caused by HIV. A weakened immune system may be the result of natural aging or a side effect of chemotherapy. Lymphatic System Problems

16. Lesson 2 Hodgkin’s Disease Hodgkin’s disease, or Hodgkin’s lymphoma, is found in lymph nodes and the spleen.Hodgkin’s disease Early detection and treatment, as in all types of cancer, is essential for recovery. Treatment may include removal of lymph nodes, radiation, and chemotherapy. Lymphatic System Problems

17. Lesson 2 Tonsillitis Tonsils help reduce the number of pathogens entering the body through the respiratory system. Infected tonsils, or tonsillitis, is most often treated with antibiotics. Chronic cases may call for surgical removal of the tonsils. Lymphatic System Problems

18. Lesson 2 1.Blood pressure 2. Systolic 3.Diastolic 4. Cardiovascular disease Q. ______ is a measure of the amount of force that the blood places on the walls of blood vessels, particularly large arteries, as it is pumped through the body. Choose the appropriate option. Quick Review

19. Lesson 2 A. 1. blood pressure Blood pressure is a measure of the amount of force that the blood places on the walls of blood vessels, particularly large arteries, as it is pumped through the body. Click Next to attempt another question. Quick Review - Answer

20. Lesson 2 Quick Review 1.Whooping cough 2.Immune deficiencies 3.Hodgkin’s disease 4.Tonsillitis Q. Which of the following is NOT a problem that can occur in the lymphatic system? Choose the appropriate option.

21. Lesson 2 Quick Review - Answer A. 1. whooping cough Problems that can occur in the lymphatic system do NOT include the following: whooping cough. Click Next to attempt another question.

22. Lesson 2 Quick Review 1.Following a well-balanced diet 2.Maintaining a healthy weight 3.Eating the leftovers after a big dinner the same evening 4.Avoiding the use of tobacco products and illegal drugs Q. Which of the following is NOT a good health promotion behavior?

23. Lesson 2 Quick Review - Answer A. 3. Eating the leftovers after a big dinner the same evening Good health promotion behavior does NOT include eating the leftovers after a big dinner the same evening. Click Next to attempt another question.

24. Lesson 2 Q. In most cases, early detection of cardiovascular disorders is not necessary to prompt individuals of all ages to seek health care. True False Quick Review Choose the appropriate option.

25. Lesson 2 Quick Review - Answer A. False. In most cases, early detection of cardiovascular disorders is necessary to prompt individuals of all ages to seek health care. Click Next to attempt another question.

26. Lesson 2 End of Lesson 2 Click Home to view the Main menu.

27. Lesson 2 Blood pressure is an indicator of cardiovascular health.Blood pressure Chronic high blood pressure is an early indicator of several cardiovascular system problems and should prompt individuals of all ages to seek health care. Prevention of high blood pressure includes staying physically active, avoiding tobacco and drugs, and following a healthful eating plan that is low in salt. Blood Pressure Blood pressure is a measure of the amount of force that the blood places on the walls of blood vessels, particularly large arteries, as it is pumped through the body. Health Behaviors and the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

28. Lesson 2 Congenital Heart Defects Most congenital heart defects require medication and possibly surgery to repair the affected portion of the heart. Use of alcohol and other drugs during pregnancy is associated with heart defects in newborns. Certain infections during pregnancy can also increase the risk of congenital heart defects. Some cases may be hereditary. Congenital is a condition that is present at birth. Cardiovascular System Problems

29. Lesson 2 Anemia can result from low numbers of red blood cells or from low concentrations of hemoglobin in the blood.Anemia The most common cause of anemia is iron deficiency, which can be avoided by eating foods high in iron. Taking an iron supplement also may be recommended by a medical professional. Anemia Anemia is a condition in which the ability of the blood to carry oxygen is reduced. Cardiovascular System Problems

30. Lesson 2 Leukemia The abnormal white blood cells cannot function properly, making the leukemia patient very susceptible to infection. Because all blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, the uncontrolled production of white blood cells can hinder the production of red blood cells and platelets. The result is infection, severe anemia, or uncontrolled bleeding. Chemotherapy and radiation are among the treatment options. Leukemia is a form of cancer in which any one of the different types of white blood cells is produced excessively and abnormally. Cardiovascular System Problems

31. Lesson 2 Hodgkin’s disease, or Hodgkin’s lymphoma, is found in lymph nodes and the spleen.Hodgkin’s disease Early detection and treatment, as in all types of cancer, is essential for recovery. Treatment may include removal of lymph nodes, radiation, and chemotherapy. Hodgkin’s Disease Hodgkin’s disease is a type of cancer that affects the lymph tissue. Lymphatic System Problems

32. Lesson 2 A. Correct! Blood pressure is a measure of the amount of force that the blood places on the walls of blood vessels, particularly large arteries, as it is pumped through the body. Click Next to attempt another question. Quick Review - Answer

33. Lesson 2 You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again, or click Next to view the correct answer. Quick Review - Answer

34. Lesson 2 A. Correct! Problems that can occur in the lymphatic system do NOT include the following: whooping cough. Click Next to attempt another question. Quick Review - Answer

35. Lesson 2 You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again, or click Next to view the correct answer. Quick Review - Answer

36. Lesson 2 A. Correct! Good health promotion behavior does NOT include the following: eating the leftovers after a big dinner the same evening. Click Next to attempt another question. Quick Review - Answer

37. Lesson 2 You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again, or click Next to view the correct answer. Quick Review - Answer

38. Lesson 2 A. Correct! In most cases, early detection of cardiovascular disorders is necessary to prompt individuals of all ages to seek health care. Click Next to attempt another question. Quick Review - Answer

39. Lesson 2 You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again, or click Next to view the correct answer. Quick Review - Answer