1. Chapter 18
The Rise of Russia

2. In the beginning
The first Russian state-centered around the city of Kiev around the 9th century
in the 1230’s it was conquered by the Mongols who ruled the region for the next 250 years
it fell into disorder in the 15th century and fell under the influence on the state of Moscow

3. Foundations Different from the West
Little commercial exchange
BUT major factor in world relationships and balance of power
Separate identity from the rest of Europe
What do we allow to influence the identity????
How we interact with the West
Rise of the Absolute Monarchs

4. Ivan the Great
stopped paying tribute to the Mongols…therefore declared Russian independence
Freed much of Russia in 1462
he began the policy called “gathering the Russian land” and built Moscow into a large and powerful state
Orthodox church affirmed that Ivan was chosen by God and started calling Moscow the “third Rome”
Rurik Dynasty

5. Ivan the Terrible First Tsar Married Anastasia Romanov
Reign of terror
Continued Russian expansion
Wanted to control the Russian nobles
Boyars

6. The Time of Troubles Ivan dies without an heir
Causes problems SHOCKER
Poland and Sweden was also attacking
Boyars fought over who would be in control
They choose a young boy from the Romanov family

7. The Romanov Alexis Michael Stopped the strengthening of the Nobles
Gained power over the Church
Michael
Reestablished internal order and stopped the poles and the Swedes
Resumed expansion
Got Kiev back from Poland
Closest relative to Anastasia
Reigns as an eastern monarch
Kremlin: Fortified area

9. Peter The Great Absolute Monarch
Took more power
Autocrat
Make the culture and the economy more western
Created a trained military
Able to defeat the rivals
Sweden was never to be world power again

10. Peter and the West He used only what he thought would better Russia
Not a worldwide export economy
The economy should support the military
Revised tax system
Began mining iron: more manufacturing
Gave more power to women without actually changing gender relations
His wife breaks the Terem
Created a set of advisors he could control

11. Second Time of Troubles
After Peter Dies and a question of heir: HAHAHA
Peter’s Wife Catherine I
Anna (Peter’s Daughter)
Elizabeth (Peter’s Daughter)
Peter (Elizabeth’s Nephew) AND Catherine II

12. Catherine The Great Wife of Peter III German Princess and very smart
Takes control for herself with the help of peasant uprising
German Princess and very smart
Loved by the people
Made people believe she was an Enlightened Despot

13. Catherine and the West
Wanted Enlightened ideas but also wanted to be a STRONG central monarch (absolute)
Wrote to Voltaire
Put on a show of being more western
HOWEVER a great number of western ideas were able to get to Russia even if they were not used right away
Divided Poland
Very Important

14. Cossacks
Peasant adventurers who were encouraged to move to newly acquired lands
Russian Cowboys
Not an ethnic group but an ideological group
Horse people
Fled the Russian empire
Serfs and others wanting to escape
Asian elements

15. Pugachev Pugachev Rebellion Claimed to be the true tsar
Promised to end serfdom, taxes, military conscription
However, it was not a unified army
Captured and executed

16. Serfdom in Russia During the Mongols the peasants were free farmers
After the Mongols they needed to sell their land because of debts
Russian government supported the nobility having serfs
It was a way to control the masses and keep the nobles rich and happy
Became more like slavery:
Bought, sold, given, gambled
Coursed labor

17. Anne

18. Elizabeth I

19. Paul I