2. Shall, should 个人看法 1. 在疑问句中， shall 用来征询对方的意见或请示指示， 用于第一、三人称 // Shall he come at once? 2.should 用于劝告，建议，命令，警告，责备等 //You should keep your promise. //You should do as I do. 3. 用于第一人称，征求对方的意愿。 //Shall I ….. =Let ’ s … 4. 虚拟语气 用在 suggest, propose, advise,insist, request,desire, demand 等动词后的宾语从句中。 // He suggested that we should go at once.

3. Will would 1.will 指意志，意愿 // I will tell you all about it. // We ’ ll help you if you ask us to. // If you will allow me, I will see you home. // If he will go, I will go too. 2.will 用于第二人称，指提出要求。 // Will (Would) you please give him a message when you see him? // Would you like to … 3.will 表示某种倾向，习惯性的动作， “ 总是 ” // Fish will die without water.

4. 4.would 表过去的意愿 // They said they would help us. // Would you like some more ice-cream? 5.would 表过去经常做，指以往重复的习惯行 为， “ 总是 ” // She would sit like that for hours. used to 过去常常做，但现在不 // There used to be an old house here. 否定 usedn ’ t to/ didn ’ t used to 疑问 Used sb to … / Did sb use to …

5. Need 1. 作情态动词，主要用语否定及疑问句，否定 needn ’ t // We needn ’ t hurry. // Need I come? ---Yes, you must. ---No, you needn ’ t. // She needn ’ t go over her lessons. 2. 行为动词， need to do ，用于各种结构。 // Does he need to know it? // They did not need to go. // He needs some help, doesn ’ t? 3.need doing=need to be done // This house needs repairing. = This house needs to be repaired.

6. Dare 1. 作情态动词， “ 敢于 ” ，用于否定及疑问句。 //Dare you go home alone? // She dare not say what he thinks. // No one dare speak of it. 2. 行为动词， dare to do … // I have never dared to tell him about it. // She dares to walk alone in the street at night.

7. 情态动词 +have done 1. I should have thought of that. 应该做，但没做，对过去动作责备，批评。 2. They must have arrived by now. 想必已经 3. You needn ’ t have told them that. 本不必 4. He needn ’ t have been so anxious about the result of the exam, for he was a very hard worker. 5. He can ’ t have finished the work so soon. 不可能 6. They couldn ’ t have gone that far. 不可能做到那样的地步。 7. You should have gone over your lessons. 8. We ought to have given you more help. 9. If you followed my advice,you could have finished it. 表示对过去能做而未做的事感到惋惜遗憾。

8. 当 must be,can ’ t be 表推测时，反意疑问句用 be 的适当形式。 // It must be our maths teacher,isn ’ t it? // They must be new students, aren ’ t they? // She can ’ t be at home, is he? // They can ’ t have finished the job, have they? // You must have seen the film, haven ’ t you? // He must have been to Beijing, hasn ’ t he? // He must have seen a doctor yesterday, didn ’ t he? ( 有明确的时间状语，用 did 反问）

9. Exercises 1. --____I read the magazine here? -- Of course, you___ sit here reading them. 2. --___ you read the sign? -- Yes -- What does it say? --It says, “ Visitors ____ (not) get too close to wild animals. 3. – Do you see the man coming towards us? Who ____ it be? -- It ___ be Mr. Wang, but I ’ m not sure about it. -- It ____ (not) be Mr. Wang. Mr. Wang is much taller. 4. You____ (not) water your flowers every day. It is not dry these days. May can Can mustn’t can may can’t needn’t

10. 5. You _____ be right but I don ’ t think you are. 6. The girl was very tired but she ______ reach the shore after swimming in the sea for hours. 7. It ’ s dark. Please turn on the light, ____ you? 8. I ___ do all I can to help you. You ____ (not) worry about it. 9. If you want to keep the book longer, you will _______ come to renew it. 10. There _____ be many old houses here, but they have all been pulled down. 11. You _________________ (not go) out without locking the door. You see what has happened. 12. – Where is my key? I remember putting it on the desk. -- You___________ (not leave) it here. I ’ ve been sitting here all the morning. I haven ’ t seen anyone come in. You _________ (leave) it somewhere else. may was able to will needn’t have to used to shoudn’t have gone can’t have left must have left

11. 13. — I ’ m terribly sorry for that. --You _____________________ (apologize) to me. It wasn ’ t your fault. 14. — Why didn ’ t she answer the doorbell? -- Possibly she ________________ (fall) asleep. 15. You ____________ (not buy) so much sugar. We have enough in our kitchen. 16. The professor ________________ (attend) your meeting this morning. He went abroad the day before yesterday. 17. She ____________(keep) the money under lock and key, or it_______________________ (not steal) needn’t have apologized might have fallen needn’t have bought couldn’t have attended should have kept would not have been stolen

12. Correct 1. — Must I come tomorrow? --No, you mustn ’ t. 2. — Shall I use your phone? --Yes, of course. 3. Look! You ’ ve made the same mistake again. You shouldn ’ t be so careless. 4. — May your teacher be in the library? --No, he mustn ’ t be there. 5. I ’ ve received your letter, but you didn ’ t need to write it. 6. She needs not take any medicine. There is nothing serious. 7. Excuse me, Could you tell me where the underground railway station was? 8. When he was only five, he could be able to sing quite a few songs. needn’t May have been can’t needn’t have written need is

13. 9. The train has gone. You must have come a few minutes earlier. 10. The sentence need be translated into English. 11. He was a good swimmer so he could swim to the river bank when the boat sank. 12. Mr. Smith, a gentleman wants to see you. Will he wait here or outside? 13. Let us have a look at your new camera, shall we? 14. You should hand in your exercise-book in time so that you can get it back now. should needs to be able to will you have handed