1. Section 5: The American Revolution
CHAPTER 11
Enlightenment and Revolution in England and America
Section 1: Civil War and Revolution
Section 2: Constitutional Monarchy in England
Section 3: English Colonial Expansion
Section 4: The Enlightenment
Section 5: The American Revolution

2. 11.5 Bell Ringer Question: The American Revolution
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11.5 Bell Ringer Question:
What British policies were implemented in the mid-1700s, and how did the American colonists react to them?
British policy
Colonial Reaction
Why did the British do it?
Sugar Act Stamp Act

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New ideas in gov’t were not confined to Europe in the 1700s …..

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Seven Years War

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6. English war debts 1688-1783 The American Revolution SECTION 5
British politicians expected the colonists to repay the war debt.

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Mercantilist trade laws began to be enforced….
And the colonists reacted ….

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Political Cartoon
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Political Cartoon
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11. WHY would the colonists believe that they didn’t have to pay??
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Doesn’t EVERYONE have to pay taxes?
“Taxation without representation is tyranny."
WHY would the colonists believe that they didn’t have to pay??
These new taxes were designed to help support the British government. Americans argued that they should not have to pay such taxes because they were not represented in Parliament and therefore never consented to the taxes. This was violation of the principle that people could not be taxed without their consent.

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13. Did everyone support the revolution?
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Did everyone support the revolution?
Draw a two column chart …

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Patriots
'Whigs', 'Congress-men', or 'Americans'
included a full range of social and economic classes, but all agreed to the need to defend the rights of Americans
Loyalists
"Tories", or "King's men"
about 15-20% of the population remained loyal to the British Crown
typically older, less willing to break with old loyalties, often connected to the Church of England, and included many established merchants with business connections across the Empire, as well as royal officials

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A minority of uncertain size tried to stay neutral in the war. Most kept a low profile. However, the Quakers, especially in Pennsylvania, were the most important group that was outspoken for neutrality.

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The Patriots take action ….
Met in Philadelphia in 1774 (First Continental Congress) and demanded full rights of British citizens
Agreed to meet the next year …

17. The “shot heard 'round the world" -- Lexington & Concord
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By April 1775 British
Troops felt threatened by colonists so they tried to seize colonists’ guns & powder –
The “shot heard 'round the world" -- Lexington & Concord

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Second Continental Congress May 1775
Philadelphia
The colonies prepare for war.

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Thomas Jefferson Declaration of Independence

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Articles of Confederation 1781
One-house congress; each state had one vote
Weak central gov’t – could not levy taxes or coin money; could not regulate trade with foreign nations or states; no chief executive; only courts were state courts Power was in the hands of the States.

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Philadelphia Convention 1787
James Madison and Alexander Hamilton from the outset wanted to create a new government rather than "fix" the existing one.
The result was the Constitution of the United States.

23. The Constitution The American Revolution
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The Constitution
Federal system dividing power between a strong central gov’t and the states
Three branches in central gov’t
Ratified 1789
Bill of Rights added in 1791

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Benjamin Franklin’s Join, or Die political cartoon, published in 1754 in the Pennsylvania Gazette.
Benjamin Franklin’s Join, or Die political cartoon, published in 1754 in the Pennsylvania Gazette.

25. Effects of American Independence
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Effects of American Independence
Major event in world history
Democratic gov’t was a radical idea at the time
Restricted voting to males and property owners
How are the ideals of the Enlightenment reflected in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution?

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Now, let’s look at today’s bellringer …
What British policies were implemented in the mid-1700s, and how did the American colonists react to them?

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British Policy
Colonial Reaction
Possible British Cause
Colonists were forbidden to
Settle in the
Land west of the
Appalachian
Mountains
Colonists felt that Britain was curbing their liberties.
Britain wanted to avoid American Indian uprising.

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British Policy
Colonial Reaction
Possible British Cause
Sugar Act of imposed taxes on sugar & other imports from non-British colonies.
Britain was enforcing its mercantilist trade laws. Why NOW?
Colonists saw this as a threat to their liberties.

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British Policy
Colonial Reaction
Possible British Cause
Stamp Act of 1765 – imposed a tax on all sorts of everyday documents
WHAT IS UP WITH THIS?? Colonists will boycott British goods to get Parliament to repeal the tax.
Britain was again trying to get money to pay for war debts.

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Three men, symbols of Britain’s other colonies or enemies, egg on George Washington in bestowing thirteen Stripes on Britannia for being a tyrant to the American colonies.