1. EMERGENCY MEDICAL CARE State of Georgia BASIC FIRE FIGHTER TRAINING COURSE Module 1

2. Emergency Medical Care (M-1) 2 INFECTIOUS DISEASE CONTROL Universal Precautions  Assume all patients are infectious  Treat all body fluids as infectious  Use precautions when using sharps  Wash immediately if contaminated with blood/body fluids  Clean, disinfect, & sterilize equipment properly

3. Emergency Medical Care (M-1) 3 INFECTIOUS DISEASE CONTROL Program Components  Written infection control policy  Annual training  Infection control officer  Health maintenance program: hep B, TB  Medical Personal Protective Equipment (Med PPE) readily available  FD facility Cleaning & decontamination areas

4. Emergency Medical Care (M-1) 4 INFECTIOUS DISEASE CONTROL Medical Personal Protective Equipment  Always wear latex gloves  Wear masks & eye protection  Wear protective clothing  Use airway equipment during artificial respiration efforts  Avoid putting your hands around your face  Clean & dispose of equipment using universal precautions

5. Emergency Medical Care (M-1) 5 SCENE ASSESSMENT

6. Emergency Medical Care (M-1) 6 SCENE SIZE-UP Begins While En-route  Form a mental picture of what to expect based on the particular location  Think of what to expect based on the nature of the call  Mentally review treatment procedures

7. Emergency Medical Care (M-1) 7 SCENE SIZE-UP Upon Arrival  Try to get the “big picture” of the emergency scene  Determine if additional personnel and/or equipment are needed  Call for additional help if needed

8. Emergency Medical Care (M-1) 8 DETERMINE SCENE SAFETY  Remember your own safety first: wear Med-PPE  Be aware of environmental hazards electrical & gas hazards hazardous materials traffic hazards  Be aware of potential violence patients people at the scene

9. Emergency Medical Care (M-1) 9 DETERMINE SCENE SAFETY  Be aware of unstable scenes buildings vehicles  Be aware of & use necessary precautions for infectious diseases

10. Emergency Medical Care (M-1) 10 GETTING INFORMATION  Bystanders  Patient  Mechanism of Injury  Items around victim: drug bottles other drug materials

11. Emergency Medical Care (M-1) 11 PRIMARY SURVEY A systematic assessment of victims to find and correct life threatening injuries

12. Emergency Medical Care (M-1) 12 PRIMARY SURVEY  Use all appropriate Med-PPE  Survey must follow sequential order  Alert patients able to answer questions have “ABC’s”  Assume all unconscious and trauma victims to have spinal injury Do NOT move cervical spine [neck]  Determine responsiveness before survey

13. Emergency Medical Care (M-1) 13  A irway: Open airway (with C-spine control)  B reathing: Look, listen & feel  C irculation: Check Carotid pulse Check for severe bleeding PRIMARY SURVEY ABC & Check

14. Emergency Medical Care (M-1) 14 SOFT TISSUE INJURIES Injuries to the skin or the underlying tissue which may result in external or internal bleeding and can lead to shock or death  Lacerations  Burns

15. Emergency Medical Care (M-1) 15 TYPES OF EXTERNAL BLEEDING  ARTERIAL BLEEDING  VENOUS BLEEDING  CAPILLARY BLEEDING

16. Emergency Medical Care (M-1) 16 CONTROLLING EXTERNAL BLEEDING u Direct pressure u Elevation u Pressure Point

17. Emergency Medical Care (M-1) 17  TOURNIQUETS? Used only in very rare cases May cause more damage The victim may lose the entire limb CONTROLLING EXTERNAL BLEEDING