1. Storytelling and Storyboarding syed ardi syed yahya kamal 2011 chapter three

2. Storytelling  Storytelling is the conveying of events in words, images and sounds, often by improvisation or embellishment.  Stories or narratives have been shared in every culture as a means of entertainment, education, cultural preservation and in order to instill moral values.  Crucial elements of stories and storytelling include plot, characters and narrative point of view. chapter three

3. Cont..  The earliest forms of storytelling were thought to have been primarily oral combined with gestures and expressions.  In addition to being part of religious ritual, rudimentary drawings scratched onto the walls of caves may have been forms of early storytelling for many of the ancient cultures. chapter three

4. Cont..  The Australian Aboriginal people painted symbols from stories on cave walls as a means of helping the storyteller remember the story.  The story was then told using a combination of oral narrative, music, rock art and dance.  Ephemeral media such as sand, leaves and the carved trunks of living trees have also been used to record stories in pictures or with writing. chapter three

5. Screenplay  A screenplay or script is a written work that is made especially for a film or television program.  Screenplays can be original works or adaptations from existing pieces of writing.  Here, the movement, actions, expression, and dialogues of the characters are also narrated.  A play for television is known as a teleplay. chapter three

6. Cont.. Sample of screenplay chapter three

7. Cont..  Format and style  The format is structured in a way that one page usually equates to one minute of screen time.  In a "shooting script", each scene is numbered, and technical direction may be given.  In a "spec" or a "draft" in various stages of development, the scenes are not numbered, and technical direction is at a minimum.  The standard font for a screenplay is 12 point, 10 pitch Courier. chapter three

8. Cont..  The major components are action and dialogue.  The "action" is written in the present tense.  The "dialogue" are the lines the characters speak. chapter three

9. Type of ScreenplaysType of Screenplays  Screenplays can generally be divided into two kinds; a 'spec' screenplay, and a commissioned screenplay.  A speculative screenplay is a script written with no upfront payment, or a promise of payment. The content is usually invented solely by the screenwriter, though spec screenplays can also be based on established works, or real people and events. chapter three

10. Cont..  A commissioned screenplay is written by a hired writer. The concept is usually developed long before the screenwriter is brought on, and usually has many writers work on it before the script is given a green-light. chapter three

11. Nonlinear StorytellingNonlinear Storytelling  Nonlinear narrative, disjointed narrative or disrupted narrative is a narrative technique, sometimes used in literature, film, hypertext websites and other narratives, wherein events are portrayed out of chronological order.  It is often used to mimic the structure and recall of human memory but has been applied for other reasons as well. chapter three

12. Storyboarding  S toryboards are graphic organizers such as a series of illustrations or images displayed in sequence for the purpose of pre-visualizing a motion picture, animation, motion graphic or interactive media sequence, including website interactivity.  The storyboarding process, in the form it is known today, was developed at the Walt Disney Studio during the early 1930s, after several years of similar processes being in use at Walt Disney and other animation studios. chapter three

13. Why make a storyboard?Why make a storyboard?  Creating a storyboard will help you plan your animation out shot by shot.  You can make changes to your storyboard before you start animating, instead of changing your mind later.  You will also be able to talk about your animation and show your storyboard to other people to get feedback on your ideas. chapter three

14. Cont..  Your storyboard will should convey some of the following information:  What characters are in the frame, and how are they moving?  What are the characters saying to each other, if anything?  How much time has passed between the last frame of the storyboard and the current one?  Where the "camera" is in the scene? Close or far away? Is the camera moving? chapter three

15. Usage  Film  A film storyboard is essentially a large comic of the film or some section of the film produced beforehand to help film directors, cinematographers and television commercial advertising clients visualize the scenes and find potential problems before they occur.  Often storyboards include arrows or instructions that indicate movement chapter three

16. Cont..  Animatics  In animation and special effects work, the storyboarding stage may be followed by simplified mock-ups called "animatics" to give a better idea of how the scene will look and feel with motion and timing.  At its simplest, an animatic is a series of still images edited together and displayed in sequence.  More commonly, a rough dialogue and/or rough sound track is added to the sequence of still images (usually taken from a storyboard) to test whether the sound and images are working effectively together. chapter three

17. Cont..  This allows the animators and directors to work out any screenplay, camera positioning, shot list and timing issues that may exist with the current storyboard.  The storyboard and soundtrack are amended if necessary, and a new animatic may be created and reviewed with the director until the storyboard is perfected.  Editing the film at the animatic stage can avoid animation of scenes that would be edited out of the film. chapter three

18. Cont..  Animation is usually an expensive process, so there should be a minimum of "deleted scenes" if the film is to be completed within budget. chapter three

19. Cont..  Photomatic  A photomatic (probably derived from 'animatic' or photo-animation) is a series of still photographs edited together and presented on screen in a sequence.  Usually, a voice-over, soundtrack and sound effects are added to the piece to create a presentation to show how a film could be shot and cut together.  Increasingly used by advertisers and advertising agencies to research the effectiveness of their proposed storyboard before committing to a 'full up' television advertisement. chapter three

20. Cont..  Comic books  Some writers have used storyboard type drawings for their scripting of comic books, often indicating staging of figures, backgrounds and balloon placement with instructions to the artist as needed often scribbled in the margins and the dialogue/captions indicated. chapter three

21. Benefits  One advantage of using storyboards is that it allows (in film and business) the user to experiment with changes in the storyline to evoke stronger reaction or interest.  Flashbacks, for instance, are often the result of sorting storyboards out of chronological order to help build suspense and interest.  The process of visual thinking and planning allows a group of people to brainstorm together, placing their ideas on storyboards and then arranging the storyboards on the wall.  This fosters more ideas and generates consensus inside the group. chapter three

22. How do I make a storyboard?How do I make a storyboard?  Most commonly, storyboards are drawn in pen or pencil.  If you don't like to draw you can also take photos, cut out pictures from magazines, or use a computer to make your storyboards.  Keep in mind that your drawings don't have to be fancy! In fact, you want to spend just a few minutes drawing each frame.  Use basic shapes, stick figures, and simple backgrounds.  If you draw your storyboard frames on index cards, you can rearrange them to move parts of the story around. chapter three

23. Storyboard LanguageStoryboard Language  CLOSE-UP SHOT:  A close range of distance between the camera and the subject.  DISSOVLE:  A transition between two shots, where one shot fades away and simultaneously another shot fades in.  FADE:  A transition from a shot to black where the image gradually becomes darker is a Fade Out; or from black where the image gradually becomes brighter is a Fade In. chapter three

24. Cont..  HIGH CAMERA ANGLE:  A camera angle which looks down on its subject making it look small, weak or unimportant.  JUMP CUT:  A rapid, jerky transition from one frame to the next, either disrupting the flow of time or movement within a scene or making an abrupt transition from one scene to another.  LEVEL CAMERA ANGLE:  A camera angle which is even with the subject; it may be used as a neutral shot. chapter three

25. Example of StoryboardExample of Storyboard chapter three

26. Cont..

27. End of Chapter 3End of Chapter 3 syed ardi syed yahya kamal chapter three