1. Earthquakes

2. Fault Break or fracture in lithosphere Shows evidence of moving Usually located along plate boundaries

3. Normal fault Tectonic plates are moving apart Lithosphere is stretching

4. Reverse fault or thrust fault Tectonic plates are moving towards one another Oreo demo

5. Strike-Slip fault Tectonic plates slide past each other

6. What causes an earthquake? The release of stored up energy as the plates move past each other The energy moves outward from the fault in all directions in the form of waves When the waves reach the earth’s surface this causes the ground to shake

7. Primary waves Compression waves Push and pull Slinky demo The fastest seismic wave

8. Secondary waves Shear waves Side to side motion Slinky demo Slower than primary waves Compare to thunder and lightning

9. Love waves Surface waves Cause the most damage to buildings Travel the slowest of all seismic waves

10. How far is the earthquake? Detect p-waves and s-waves on a seismograph Calculate difference between waves

11. Calculate distance to earthquake Distance = rate X time Example You are traveling 30 miles/hour and you travel for 2 hours. What distance have you traveled? Distance = (30 miles/hour)x(2 hours) = 60 miles

12. 3 locations to determine where earthquake is located

13. How can structures be built to withstand earthquakes? Structure demos Weight Height Shape

14. Test how building react in earthquakes Decide on a design for your building Draw a picture Build structure out of spaghetti and clay Test structure on shake table