1. Mitosis Definition: nuclear division and cytokinesis Functions: tissue growth and repair asexual reproduction (binary & multiple fission)

2. Cell division requires coordinated division of chromosomes (mitosis)… …and division of the cytoplasm (cytokinesis).

3. Because DNA stores genetic information and is faithfully replicated, information is passed largely unaltered from cell-to-cell, generation-to-generation.

4. Proteins and Their Production The Primary Reason for DNA

5. DNA is Packaged into Chromosomes Two meters DNA fit into a sphere ~ 0.000005 meters in diameter. chromatin duplicated chromosome

6. The Link Between DNA Replication and Chromosome Duplication

7. Anatomy of a Chromosome

8. DNA is Condensed into Visible Chromosomes Only For Brief Periods in the Life of a Cell 95% of the time, chromosomes are like this.

9. A Karyotype is an Arranged Picture of Chromosomes At Their Most Condensed State A normal human karyotype Boy or girl? Note that almost all chromosomes come in homologous pairs.

10. Prophase nuclear membrane disintegrates chromatin thickens spindle apparatus appears

11. Metaphase chromosomes line up on the equatorial plane

12. Anaphase centromers divide chromatids move toward opposite poles

13. Telophase nuclear membrane reforms cytokinesis daughter cells

14. Cytokinesis

15. In Animal Cells, a Cleavage Furrow Forms and Separates Daughter Cells Cleave furrow in a dividing frog cell.

16. In plants, a cell plate forms; separating daughter cells during cytokinesis

17. Stages of Mitosis Prophase– DNA is condensed and packaged Metaphase– “middle stage”; Condensed chromosomes line up along the equatorial plane. Anaphase- Copies of each chromosome move to opposite poles of the cell. Telophase– “end stage”; Nuclear membranes reform around the chromosomes and cytokinesis occurs resulting in two daughter cells.

19. Cancer is Runaway Mitosis Licentious division - prostate cancer cells during division.