1. Unit 1: From Pre-History to Early Civilizations Chapter 3: Ancient India

2. Section I: Indus Valley Civilization (Pages 48-55) This section is about: This section is about: The development and the decline of the Indus Valley civilization. The development and the decline of the Indus Valley civilization. The archeological evidence of the economic and cultural life of the people of Harappa and Mohenjo Daro. The archeological evidence of the economic and cultural life of the people of Harappa and Mohenjo Daro.

3. Some questions for our class: Some questions for our class: Who am I? (you - not this guy) Who am I? (you - not this guy) What am I to do? What am I to do? How should I see things? How should I see things? Read the text on page 48 in our books. Read the text on page 48 in our books. And, look at the picture on page 49 And, look at the picture on page 49 What else should we do before we move on? What else should we do before we move on?

4. Lets be “ active readers ” (top right of page 50) What else should we do? What else should we do? Look at vocabulary words Look at vocabulary words Look at the “ Main Ideas ” Look at the “ Main Ideas ” Check out the pictures Check out the pictures Check out the headings (in red in our book) Check out the headings (in red in our book)

5. What we often call the India sub-continent is really 3 places today: India / Pakistan / Bangladesh The Himalaya Mountains (biggest mountains on earth) Indo-Gangetic Plain (Farming – Indus and Ganges Rivers) Deccan Plateau (raised area of level land) The Western GhatsThe Eastern Ghats Desert The South-Central section of Asia

6. The weather in this region: Has a lot of monsoons: heavy winds with very heavy rainfall. Has a lot of monsoons: heavy winds with very heavy rainfall. Last from early June to early October Last from early June to early October Some places (East side) get as much as 450 inches of rain a year. Some places (East side) get as much as 450 inches of rain a year. The people depend on the rain for water for their farms, but too much rain is a problem. The people depend on the rain for water for their farms, but too much rain is a problem. The rest of the year has cooler, dryer weather The rest of the year has cooler, dryer weather India can also get very hot – up to the 120 ’ s in the desert India can also get very hot – up to the 120 ’ s in the desert

8. India ’ s first great civilization (3500 B.C.) is called: The Indus Valley Civilization – they were around for about 1000 years – and then vanished. The Indus Valley Civilization – they were around for about 1000 years – and then vanished. Traders: wove cotton, made jewelry and furniture, cooking utensils, writing sticks, back scratchers, dice, and game pieces. Traders: wove cotton, made jewelry and furniture, cooking utensils, writing sticks, back scratchers, dice, and game pieces. Famers: grew wheat, barley, cotton, and fruit Famers: grew wheat, barley, cotton, and fruit Both: used stone, copper, and bronze tools. Both: used stone, copper, and bronze tools. It seems they also traded with other cultures at times. It seems they also traded with other cultures at times.

9. Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro (archeologists started digging at the oldest Indian settlements we know of about 1921) Both about 1 square mile, similar layouts, and careful planning. Both about 1 square mile, similar layouts, and careful planning. In the center: a huge fortress on a hill – called a citadel In the center: a huge fortress on a hill – called a citadel Inside: a bath house, grain storage area, and a residential building Inside: a bath house, grain storage area, and a residential building Why are these inside? Why are these inside? Streets ran parallel to each other - to do all this must have taken great planning. Streets ran parallel to each other - to do all this must have taken great planning.

10. Brick homes Brick homes Some small (one room) – others large (even with court-yards and private wells for drinking and bath water). Some small (one room) – others large (even with court-yards and private wells for drinking and bath water). People lived in areas according to their jobs. People lived in areas according to their jobs. The most advance plumbing in the world – water and sewer pipes running under the streets The most advance plumbing in the world – water and sewer pipes running under the streets

11. These people must have also been traders Indus Valley goods have also been found in other areas and goods from other areas have been found there. Indus Valley goods have also been found in other areas and goods from other areas have been found there. They must have used the oceans and the many rivers in the area. They must have used the oceans and the many rivers in the area. Indian pottery even has been found in Mesopotamia. Indian pottery even has been found in Mesopotamia. Archeologists have also found: games, toys (clay monkey that would slide down a string and a clay bull that wiggled it ’ s head), marbles, and dice (the same kind we use today) Archeologists have also found: games, toys (clay monkey that would slide down a string and a clay bull that wiggled it ’ s head), marbles, and dice (the same kind we use today)

12. Writing / Language: They had some writing, but we don ’ t know what language they spoke. They had some writing, but we don ’ t know what language they spoke. When we do find “ writing ”, we don ’ t know how to read it. When we do find “ writing ”, we don ’ t know how to read it.Religion We ’ re not sure what role religion played in their lives. We ’ re not sure what role religion played in their lives. Some figurines (mostly female) look like gods/goddesses. Some figurines (mostly female) look like gods/goddesses. The bodies of the dead were buried with heads to the north, so… ? The bodies of the dead were buried with heads to the north, so… ? Decline /Disappearance Change in climate and people moved? Change in climate and people moved? River changed and not enough water? River changed and not enough water? Earthquake / flood / disease? Earthquake / flood / disease? Invaded and conquered? Invaded and conquered? Some remains have been found that weren ’ t buried – so what might that mean? Some remains have been found that weren ’ t buried – so what might that mean?

13. Lets finish being “ active readers ” (top right of page 50)