1. Cultural Diffusion
The process by which an element of culture (or an idea or innovation) is transmitted from one individual or group to another.
- How culture spreads

2. What Types of Culture Spread?
Popular Culture (Pop Culture)
Folk Culture

3. POP CULTURE

4. FOLK CULTURE

5. How does Culture Spread?
People move to a new area and take their culture with them – examples include- crops, language, traditions, building styles
Known as
Relocation Diffusion
Information about an innovation may spread through a society – examples include - iPhones, new music styles, religious ideas, trends…often mass media is involved —
Known as
Expansion Diffusion

6. Relocation Diffusion

7. 3 Types of Expansion Diffusion
Contagious Diffusion
Hierarchical Diffusion
Stimulus Diffusion

8. Contagious Diffusion
Diffusion that spreads like a disease – but not necessarily applying only to diseases!
Uniformly affects all individuals and areas outward from the source region
Doesn’t really matter who you are or what you do to be exposed to the idea

9. Contagious Diffusion
Examples – influenza, viral on the internet, agriculture (like hybrid seeds), Buddhism (but not all religions), breaking news

10. Hierarchical Diffusion
The spread of an idea from persons or “nodes” of authority or power to other persons or places
Often spreads from big city to big city – may or may not stick in the little towns in between
Could spread from celebrities/powerful people as trend setters

11. Hierarchical Diffusion
Examples- Birkenstocks, Christianity, styles of clothing, hip-hop music

12. Stimulus Diffusion
A general idea spreads and stimulates imitations/adaptations/improvements
Examples – creation of a unique Cherokee written language, Beta vs. VHS, Macs, Siberians domesticated reindeers (after seeing domesticated cattle)

13. What type of Diffusion?
More about Hissa Hilal:

14. Cultural Hearths
An area where cultural traits develop and from which the cultural traits diffuse.
Examples?
Religions….
Foods…
Music & Entertainment
Where is the culture hearth of BBQ?

15. How fast does culture spread?
Types of Diffusion are not speed specific – no type of diffusion is particularly fast or slow
Diffusion of innovations
3% - innovators
13% early adopters 68% majority
16% laggards
What concept from the class does this relate to?

16. Rap music first appeared in New York in the 1970’s
Rap music first appeared in New York in the 1970’s. Later, it spread to large cities with vibrant African-American populations – such as Los Angeles, Oakland, Chicago, and Detroit – without being absorbed by the smaller cities and rural areas in between. This type of spatial diffusion is called
relocation diffusion
hierarchical diffusion
contagious diffusion
stimulus diffusion
D highway
B hierarchical

17. The center and place of origin of a cultural tradition is called a
culture center
cultural complex
c. cultural trait
culture hearth
D cultural hearth
A relocation diffusion

18. d. hierarchical diffusion
Spanish-language concentration in Little Havana in Miami is an example of what type of diffusion?
relocation diffusion
b. expansion diffusion
stimulus diffusion
d. hierarchical diffusion
D cultural hearth
A relocation diffusion

19. The spread of AIDS is an example of what type of diffusion?
relocation diffusion
b. expansion diffusion
stimulus diffusion
d. hierarchical diffusion
D cultural hearth
A relocation diffusion

20. Define and Give an example of
Relocation Diffusion
Hierarchical Diffusion
Stimulus Diffusion
Contagious Diffusion (diseases not allowed)