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Unit 1 TEXAS
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Physical Features
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Escarpment Steep cliff or slope that separates two areas of land – caused by erosion
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Basins A hollow or depression in the Earth’s surface wholly or partly surrounded by higher land
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An elevated, level expanse of land
Plateau An elevated, level expanse of land
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Buttes Steep-sided hills
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Naturally flat-topped hills
Mesas Naturally flat-topped hills
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Regions of Texas
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A region is an area that is used to identify and organize areas of the Earth’s surface for various purposes
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Physical Characteristics – Physical characteristics of places include landforms and soils, bodies and sources of water, vegetation, climate and weather patterns, and animal life.
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Human characteristics of places include the language, religion, political systems, economic systems, population distribution, ethnicity, age, and standards of living.
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Coastal Plains
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Coastal Plains Slopes toward the Gulf of Mexico Largest region
Most populated part of Texas Covers 1/3 of the land of Texas
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Flat and low Wooded land and Coastal sands Big Thicket National Preserve - forest in SE Texas Rivers - Brazos, Colorado, Trinity Good soils along rivers Plains, desert, hills
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Climate: Hot and damp, humid Tornadoes, hurricanes 30-55 inches of rain per year
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Natural Resources: Plants - pine trees, hardwood trees (elm, oak, cottonwood, pecan) Various Animals Minerals Bodies of water
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Economic Resources: Farming Fishing Ranching Tree farms - lumber businesses Oil and gas (Spindletop 1901) Factories Ports
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Major Cities Austin Houston Dallas (on the border of Central Plains)
San Antonio Texarkana Corpus Christi Brownsville
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North Central Plains
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North Central Plains Rolling grassy lands Thick grasses
Cross Timbers area - large areas of hardwood trees Limestone rock Higher elevation because limestone doesn't wear down easily Elevation decreases from west to east
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Climate: Dry air Tornadoes Hot, short summer – cool to cold winters 20-30 inches of rain per year
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Natural Resources: Limestone Minerals Streams Fertile lands for crops
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Economic Resources: Farming - fruits, vegetables, watermelons, oats Ranching - cattle, angora goats (mohair) Cedar trees – fence posts Oil and gas
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Major Cities Fort Worth Abilene Wichita Falls San Angelo
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The Great Plains
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The Great Plains Flat Few trees Canyons in North (Palo Duro Canyon)
Higher elevation than Central Plains Cap Rock Escarpment Edwards Plateau
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Climate: Dry air Hot summers Cold winters Dust storms 16-20 inches of rain per year
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Natural Resources: Short grasses Mesquite, cedar, pecan, and oak trees in Edward Plateau area Deer Wild turkeys
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Economic Resources: Farming - cotton, wheat (irrigation from wells) Ranching - cattle, sheep, goat Oil and gas in the Permian Basin
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Major Cities Amarillo & Lubbock in the Panhandle
Midland & Odessa in the Permian Basin Kerrville, Fredericksburg, & Del Rio in the Edwards Plateau area
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Mountains and Basins
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Mountains and Basins 150 mountains in the mountain ranges
Plateaus and basins Deserts Pecos and Rio Grande Rivers Big Bend National Park
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Climate: Driest part of state 8 inches of rain per year, 20 in mountains Hot days, cool nights Hot short summers / cold winters
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Natural Resources: Plants - short grasses, shrubs, desert plants in plateaus and basins; pine forests in mountains
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Economic Resources: Ranching - cattle, sheep, goat Farming - cotton, fruits, vegetables, cantaloupes (irrigation in El Paso and Pecos River Valley) Oil and gas - part of Permian Basin
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Major Cities El Paso Pecos Kermit & Monahans in Permian Basin area
Fort Davis, Marfa, & Alpine in Mountain area
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Great Plains North Central Plains Mountains and Basins Coastal Plains
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WARM UP / BELL RINGER 9-3-14 To be written in your composition book / spiral … Paragraph #1 Where in Texas do you want to visit ? Give at least 3 reasons why … Paragraph #2 Where in Texas would you NOT want to visit ? Give at least 3 reasons why … MUST be complete sentences AND your BEST handwriting !!
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Label these on your map :
Four major regions of Texas Cities : Brownsville El Paso ******* Houston Austin Dallas Lubbock San Antonio Rivers: Brazos River Colorado River Rio Grande River Red River Neches River Sabine River
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