1. Age of Absolutism Spain 16.1

2. Objectives 1.Describe the Empire Charles V inherited 2.Analyze how Spanish power increased under Philip II

3. Ferdinand and Isabella to Charles V p. 504 Spain under Ferdinand and Isabella -Unified under one ruler -United under the Catholic religion -Gained territory in the Americas 1516 Charles I takes throne of Spain -Included Hapsburg Empire (HRE + Netherlands) -Charles V

4. Charles V p.505 Constant war vs. Protestants and Turks -ended with German princes choosing religion -Ottomans - Mediterranean/outside Austria Charles V –left throne for Monastic life (1556) Spain, Neth., S. Italy, Americas to Philip (son) C. Europe – Ferdinand (brother)

6. Philip II 1556-1598 p. 505 Strengthened Church power; expanded Spain’s influence Inherited from Charles V Spain colonies=RICH RICH=what? -Large standing army

7. Centralizing Power Focused majority of energy on work Ruled as absolute monarch -complete authority over govt. and lives of people Divine Right – authority from God Guardian of Roman Catholic Church - wanted to turn back Protestants

8. Military and Spending Lepanto (1571) for the Pope against the Ottomans Spanish Armada against Protestants 1588 Escorial All start to drain resources/decrease power of Spain

10. Escorial $$

11. Dealings with the Dutch p. 507 Problems with the Spanish -Religion, economy Revolt of 1566 Went against high taxes and autocratic Spanish rule -Massacre of Protestants William of Orange (Prince of Orange) 1574 floods (Second Siege of Leiden) 1581 declared indep. w/ the English help 1648 – official recognition as the Dutch Netherlands

12. Dutch

13. More Dutch Republic instead of monarchy Built trade empire Dutch Art=Best of Europe -Rembrandt and Vermeer

14. Battles with England Elizabeth I reinstituted Protestantism from Mary Moderate in dealings w/ religion and politics. Phillip II v. Elizabeth -Armada unsuccessful

16. Decline of Spain p. 507-508 Decrease early 1600 Less able rulers following Philip II Expensive Wars Money problems – utilized treasure from Americas, neglect commerce Decline of Middle Class with expulsion of Muslims and Jews Increase of Dutch, English, and French power