1. Chapter Seven
Resources & Energy

2. Mineral resources we use
Can be metals or nonmetals
Ore- a natural material (mineral deposits) from where both nonmetals and metals can be mined profitably
Types of mining: subsurface, surface, placer, undersea

3. Ore Formation: Cooling Magma
As magma cools, dense metallic minerals sink and the minerals collect at the bottom of the magma chamber EXAMPLES: - chromium, nickel, lead

4. Ore Formation: Contact Metamorphism
Magma comes in contact with existing rock and heat and chemical reactions with hot fluids from the magma may change rock composition and form ores. EXAMPLES - lead, copper, zinc OR Hot fluids (hydrothermal solutions) move through small cracks in a large mass of rock, forming veins in the rock. EXAMPLES: - gold, tin, lead, copper

5. Ore Formation: Moving Water
Native elements are released from rock due to weathering and streams carry the fragments until it becomes too weak to carry the dense materials; the materials become concentrated in stream beds EXAMPLES: - gold

6. Examples of How We Use Mineral Resources
Making steel, brass
Car batteries
Electronics, silverware, coins, jewelry
Wiring
Drill bits, pencils, lubricants, cement, food preparation
Glass, gunpowder, medicines, plaster
Wallboard

7. Compare Nonrenewable vs. Renewable Energy Sources
Nonrenewable Energy Sources
Renewable Energy Sources
Limited supply
Unlimited supply
Produce waste [air pollution (Fossil fuels)]
No waste produced
Takes time to obtain
Natural

8. Fossil fuels-types & source
Coal (remains of plants that have undergone carbonization: buried in swamp and becomes peat)
Petroleum (microorganisms and plants that have died in shallow prehistoric lakes/oceans, buried by sediment)
Natural Gas (microorganisms and plants that have died in shallow prehistoric lakes/oceans, buried by sediment)

9. Coal… Types Anthracite Bituminous Lignite Peat
Coal is mined from coal mines in the Earth.

10. Petroleum & Natural Gas…
Petroleum floats on water & natural gas floats above the petroleum (density)
Found in oil traps and usually neighbor each other

11. Fossil fuels- pros & cons
Good amount of energy
Expensive to access
Constant supply of energy when used
Limited
Produces pollution & waste
Mining damages ecosystems & air pollution

12. Nuclear Reactions-fusion vs. fission/pros & cons