1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم

2. مقدمات 2  Genetic expression, division  Embryonic development

3. Cell body Sex(germinal) cell

4. Mitosis

5. meiosis

6.  Anomaly:  Structure: deletion, fraction  Number: increase, decrease  mutation

7. Embryonic development

8. Development female male

9. Gametogenesis Gamete (sex cell ) sperm oocyte

10. Gonad (sex gland) testis ovary

11. development of female gonad(ovary) development of female gonad(ovary)

12. Intermediate mesoderm

13. ovary Germinal epithelium + mesenchymal tissue

14. ovary

15. Development of gonad germ cell migrate to primitive gonad 3th 5th week

16. ovary

18. Germ cell Oogona Suppoting cell

22. Primordial follicle  Germ cell Oogona  Supporting cell Follicular cell

23. 1-germ cell=oogonia(2n) 2-germinal epithelium : follicular cell(granulosa cell) Primordial follicle

24.  3th month: meiosis division  5 th month : 7 million  7 th month : apoptosis (atretic follicle)

25. Primordial follicle 1-Apoptosis(7th month)=atretic follicle Meiosis (first division) =prophase 1(diploten)

26. Number of Primordial follicle Number of Primordial follicle Newborn=600/000-8000/0000 Oocyte maturation inhibition

27. Puberty=400/000 Newborn=600/000-8000/0000

28. puberty Hypothalamous GnRH hypophysis Gonadotropin (FsH, LH) Ovary Ovarian cycle

29. Hypophysis follicular stimulating hormone (FSH)

31. PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLE

32. Growth of follicles(15-20) 1. Primary (preantral) 2. Secondary (antral) 3. Preovulatory (Graafian ) follicle

33. Effect of FSH primordial follicle primary follicle preantral

34. Primary follicle Multilamellar= preantral

35. Secondary follicle= antral

36.  37 HOUR Graafian (preovulatory) follicle

39.  Follicular cell estrogen  Theca Theca :  Theca interna  Theca externa Comulus oophoros

40.  Comulus oophoros  Corona radiata

41. Zona pellocida

43.  37 HOUR Graafian (preovulatory) follicle

44. Day 14 ovarian cycle LH Ovulation Meiosis II Primary oocyte (prophase I) secondary oocyte (Metaphase II) +polar body

47. Development of male gonad (Testis )

50. testis Germinal epithelium

51. ovary

53.  Germ cell=Spermatogonia  Germinal epithelium= Sertoli cell  Mesenchyme=leydig cell

54. Adenyhypophysis Gonadotrophic cell LHTestis leydig cell leydig cellTestosterone FSH Testis Spermatogenesis (testicular fluid)

55. Puberty: spermatogenic lineage 4-8 layer a) Spermatogonia b) primary spermatocyte c) secondary spermatocyte d) Spermatid e) spermatozoa

56. spermatogenic lineage spermatogonia =precursor cell 46 chromosome, 2N DNA

57. Spermatogonia =mitosis primary spermatocyte Number of chromosome =46 DNA= 4N

58. secondary spermatocyte primary spermatocyte first miosis secondary spermatocyte secondary spermatocyte number of chromosome: 23 DNA = 2N DNA = 2N

59. spermatid secondary spermatocyte miosis 2 spermatid Number of chromosome: 23 DNA= N

60. spermiogenesisDifferentiation: spermatid spermatozoa

61. spermiogenesis 1. Formation of acrosome 2. Condensation of the nucleus 3. Formation of neck &middle piece & tail 4. Shedding of cytoplasm

63. shed : residual cytoplasm of spermatid Differentiation: spermatid mature spermatozoa

66. Position of spermatogenic lineage Attached by cytpplasmic bridge

68. sertoli cell

69. For you

77. Female reproductive system  Ovary  oviduct (uterian tube) (Fallopian tube)  uterus

78. oviduct  Fimberia  Ampulla  Main duct  isthmus

79. uterus  Enometrium  Myometrium  perimetrium

80. Endometrium  Coiled artery  Uterian gland (mucous gland)

81. Ovarian cycle=uterine cycle 28 days  14 day: ovulation

82. 5-14 day:Estrogenic phase =follicular phase 15-28 day: progestional phase(secretory phase)= luteal phase 5-14 day:Estrogenic phase =follicular phase 15-28 day: progestional phase(secretory phase)= luteal phase