1. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
ovary-01

2. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 TO REVIEW THE COMPONENTS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 TO CHARACTERIZE THE GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE OVARIES
 TO UNDERSTAND THE HORMONAL REGULATION OF OOGENESIS, OVULATION, AND THE UTERINE CYCLE
ovary-03
 TO IDENTIFY THE HISTOLOGY OF THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT

3. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 OVARIES
 OVIDUCT (UTERINE TUBES)
 UTERUS
 VAGINA

4. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 OVIDUCT (UTERINE TUBES)
INFUNDIBULUM, AMPULLA, ISTHMUS, UTERINE
 UTERUS
FUNDUS, BODY (CORPUS), CERVIX

5. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 OVARY
GERMINAL EPITHELIUM
TUNICA ALBUGINEA
- thin connective tissue capsule underlying germinal epithelium
CORTEX
- surrounds the medulla and contains maturing follicles
simple cuboidal epithelium lining the ovary (not germ cells)
MEDULLA
- central connective tissue containing vascular supply and nervous innervation

6. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 OVARY
3 to 5 million OOGONIA differentiate into PRIMARY OOCYTES during early development
OOCYTES becomes surrounded by squamous (follicular) cells to become PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES
most PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES undergo atresia leaving 400,000 at birth
oocytes at birth arrested at Meiosis I (prophase)

7. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 OVARY
THREE STAGES OF OVARIAN FOLLICLES CAN BE IDENTIFIED FOLLOWING PUBERTY:
(each follicle contains one oocyte)
OOGENESIS
(1) PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES
- very prevalent; located in the periphery of the cortex
- a single layer of squamous follicular cells surround the oocyte
(2) GROWING FOLLICLES
- three recognizable stages:
(a) early primary follicle
(b) late primary follicle
(c) secondary (antral) follicle
(3) MATURE (GRAAFIAN) FOLLICLES
- follicle reaches maximum size

8. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 OVARIAN FOLLICLES
(1) PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES
(2) GROWING FOLLICLES
(a) early primary follicle
- follicular cells still unilaminar but now are cuboidal in appearance
- oocyte begins to enlarge
(b) late primary follicle
- multilaminar follicular layer; cells now termed granulosa cells
- zona pellucida appears; gel-like substance rich in GAGs
- surrounding stromal cells differentiate into theca interna and theca externa
(b) secondary (antral) follicle
- cavities appear between granulosa cells forming an antrum
- follicle continues to grow
- formation of cumulus oophorus and corona radiata
(3) MATURE (GRAAFIAN) FOLLICLES

9. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 OVARIAN FOLLICLES
late primary follicle

10. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 OVARIAN FOLLICLES
GRANULOSA (FOLLICULAR) CELLS
OOCYTE
ZONA PELLUCIDA

11. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 OVARY
CORTEX
MEDULLA
ovary-01
CORPUS LUTEUM

12. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 OVARY
CORTEX
TUNICA ALBUGINEA
ovary-04
GERMINAL EPITHELIUM
PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES

13. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 OVARY
TUNICA ALBUGINEA
ovary-05
GERMINAL EPITHELIUM

14. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 OVARY
OVARY H&E
PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES
ovary-07
EARLY 1º

15. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 OVARY
 OVARY
OVARY H&E
CORPUS ALBICANS
EARLY PRIMARY FOLLICLES
ovary-02
PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLE

16. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 OVARY
LATE PRIMARY FOLLICLE
multilaminar 1

17. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 OVARY
MATURE (GRAAFIAN) FOLLICLE
zona pellucida
cumulus oophorus
corona radiata
theca interna and externa
theca interna cells begin to produce androgens that are converted to estrogens 2

18. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 HORMONAL REGULATION OF OOGENSIS AND OVULATION
HYPOTHALAMUS release of GnRF which stimulates release of LH and FSH from the adenohypophysis (ANTERIOR PITUITARY)

19. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 HORMONAL REGULATION OF OOGENSIS AND OVULATION
OVULATION
FOLLICULAR PHASE
LUTEAL PHASE
10-20 primordial follicles begin to develop in response to FSH and LH levels
FSH and LH stimulate theca and granulosa production of estrogen and progesterone
surge of LH induces ovulation
theca and granulosa cells transform into the corpus luteum and secrete large amounts of progesterone
if fertilization does not occur, corpus luteum degenerates ... if fertilization does occur, HCG released from the embryo maintains corpus luteum
ovary undergoes cyclic changes that include the follicular and luteal phase; with ovulation between the two phases
increased levels of estrogens and progesterone make follicle independent of FSH

20. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 HORMONAL REGULATION OF OOGENSIS AND OVULATION
OVULATION:
sharp surge in LH with simulataneous increase in FSH
Meiosis I resumes; oocyte and surrounding cumulus break away and are extruded
ova that fail to enter the oviduct usually degenerate in the peritoneal cavity. Occasionally, however, one of these may become fertilized and implant on the surface of the ovary, the intestine, or in the rectouterine pouch. Such ectopic implantations usually do not progress beyond early fetal stages but must be removed surgically.
oocyte passes into oviduct
ECTOPIC IMPLANTATIONS

21. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 CORPUS LUTEUM
FORMED FROM FOLLICLE WALL WHICH REMAINS FOLLOWING OVULATION
TRANSFORMED CELLS SECRETE ESTROGENS AND PROGESTERONE:
(1) GRANULOSA LUTEIN CELLS
- large, light cells derived from granulosa cells
(2) THECA LUTEIN CELLS
- strands of small cells derived from theca interna 4

22. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 CORPUS LUTEUM
(1) GRANULOSA LUTEIN CELLS
CORPUS LUTEUM H&E
(2) THECA LUTEIN CELLS
(1)
(2)
corpus luteum-02

23. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 OVIDUCT
TRANSMITS OVA FROM OVARY TO UTERUS
MEIOSIS II IN PROGRESS AND ULTIMATELY ARRESTS UNLESS FERTILIZED
SITE OF FERTILIZATION
MUCOSA
EPITHELIUM AND LAMINA PROPRIA 5
MUSCULARIS
INNER CIRCULAR; OUTER LONGITUDINAL
INCREASES AS APPROACH UTERUS
SEROSA

24. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 OVIDUCT
SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
TWO CELL TYPES:
(1) CILIATED
(2) PEG CELLS (NONCILIATED) 6

25. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 UTERUS
PERIMETRIUM, MYOMETRIUM, ENDOMETRIUM

26. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 UTERUS
ENDOMETRIUM
undergoes cyclic changes which prepare it for implantation of a fertilized ovum
TWO LAYERS:
(1) FUNCTIONAL LAYER (stratum functionalis)
- BORDERS UTERINE LUMEN
- SLOUGHED OFF AT MENSTRATION
- CONTAINS UTERINE GLANDS
spiral arteries constrict causing ischemia leading to sloughing off of functional layer.
(2) BASAL LAYER (stratum basale)
- RETAINED AT MENSTRATION
- SOURCE OF CELLS FOR REGENERATION OF FUNCTIONAL LAYER
STRAIGHT AND SPIRAL ARTERIES

27. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 HORMONAL REGULATION OF UTERINE CYCLE
(1) PROLIFERATIVE PHASE
concurrent with follicular maturation and influenced by estrogens
(2) SECRETORY PHASE
concurrent with luteal phase and influenced by progesterone
(3) MENSTRUAL PHASE
commences as hormone production by corpus luteum declines

28. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 UTERUS
PROLIFERATIVE PHASE
cells in basal layer begin to proliferate to regenerate functional layer
spiral arteries begin to lengthen and revascularize developing layer
functional layer becomes thicker than basal layer during late proliferative phase
7 & 7b
developing uterine glands are tubular in arrangement

29. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 UTERUS
PROLIFERATIVE PHASE
tubular uterine glands
simple columnar lining 8

30. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 UTERUS
PROLIFERATIVE PHASE
UTERUS H&E
PROLIFERATIVE PHASE
tubular uterine glands
simple columnar lining
uterus-06
UTERINE GLANDS

31. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 UTERUS
SECRETORY PHASE
functional layer thickens
glands become coiled and accumulate large quantities of secretory product
7 & 7b
secretory product rich in carbohydrate

32. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 UTERUS
UTERUS H&E
SECRETORY PHASE
SECRETORY PHASE
functional layer thickens
glands coiled
COILED UTERINE GLANDS
uterus-03

33. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 UTERUS
SECRETORY PHASE
functional layer thickens
glands become coiled and accumulate large quantities of secretory product 8b

34. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 VAGINA
MUCOSA
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
LAMINA PROPRIA
no glands
MUSCULARIS
INNER CIRCULAR
OUTER LONGITUDINAL
ADVENTITIA

35. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 LABIA MINORUM
LABIA MINORUM H&E
labia minorum-01