1. Chapter 10 Nationalism Triumphs in Europe
Section 1
Building a German Nation

2. Setting the Scene
The Prussian legislators waited restlessly for Otto von Bismarck to speak. They knew he wanted them to vote more money to build up the Prussian army. Liberal members of the parliament, however, opposed the move. At last, Bismarck rose and dismissed their concerns:
"Germany does not look to Prussia's liberalism, but to her power The great questions of the day are not to be decided by speeches and majority resolutions—that was the mistake of 1848 and 1849—but by blood and iron!"
Bismarck delivered his "blood and iron" speech in It set the tone for his policies in the years ahead. Bismarck was determined to build a strong, unified German state, with Prussia at its head.

3. I. Steps Toward Unity
In the early 1800s, German-speaking people lived in a number of kingdoms, Prussia, and the Austrian Hapsburg empire

4. I. Steps Toward Unity
Between 1807 and 1812, Napoleon organized many German states into the Confederation of the Rhine

5. I. Steps Toward Unity
The Congress of Vienna created the German Confederation, a weak alliance headed by Austria

6. I. Steps Toward Unity
In the 1830s, Prussia created an economic union between German states called the Zollverein

7. I. Steps Toward Unity
1848 – The Frankfurt Assembly demanded a united Germany under Prussia, but were turned down by Fredrick William IV

8. II. Bismarck and German Unity
Otto von Bismarck, a diplomat from Prussia's Junker class, was named as chancellor
Chancellor of Germany
Period in office: 1871–1890
Date of birth: April 1815
Date of death: July 1898

9. II. Bismarck and German Unity
As Chancellor, Bismarck succeeded in uniting the German states under Prussian rule

10. II. Bismarck and German Unity
Bismarck was a master of Realpolitik – realistic politics based on the needs of the state
This 1887 American political cartoon depicts Bismarck balancing the figures of war and peace on a teeter-totter made up of a powder keg and a board named "European politics". At the same time, he is juggling the great powers of Europe. An artillery piece lies in the foreground.

11. II. Bismarck and German Unity
Bismarck built up the army and fought three wars, increasing Prussian power and paving the way for German unity
Franco-Prussian War

12. II. Bismarck and German Unity
Bismarck formed an alliance with Austria and seized the provinces of Schleswig and Holstein from Denmark

13. II. Bismarck and German Unity
Bismarck attacked Austria annexed several other north German states

14. II. Bismarck and German Unity
Bismarck dissolved the German Confederation and created a Prussian dominated confederation

15. II. Bismarck and German Unity
Rivalry between Napoleon III and Prussia arose
Bismarck purposely angered Napoleon so he would declare war
Prussian and German army was superior to the French
Napoleon forced to surrender

16. II. Bismarck and German Unity
A growing rivalry between France and Prussia led to the Franco-Prussian War of 1870

17. II. Bismarck and German Unity
Napoleon III declared war on Prussia after the “Ems dispatch” but was defeated within a few weeks
Stone of Benedetti - Ems dispatch A memorial stone reminding of the fatal correspondence between King Wilhelm I of Prussia and the french ambassador Earl Benedetti. The telegraphic message of the prussian king to Berlin, which entered history books  under the name of "Ems Dispatch" and the shortened version of the contents, which was published in the press by Otto Graf of Bismarck on July 13, 1870, led to the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War 1870/1871.

18. III. The German Empire
January William I of Prussia took the title Kaiser and German nationalists celebrated the birth of the Second Reich
On the 18th January 1871, in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles, King William I of Prussia was proclaimed by all the states of Germany to be their emperor.

19. Bundesrat- upper house-appointed by rulers
III. The German Empire
A constitution drafted by Bismarck set up a two-house legislature - the appointed Bundesrat, and the elected Reichstag
Reichstag- lower house-male citizen
Bundesrat- upper house-appointed by rulers