1. Copyright © 2003 Allyn & Bacon1 Sociology Sixth Edition Chapter Twenty Two Social Change and the Environment This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network: preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

2. Copyright © 2003 Allyn & Bacon2 Chapter Overview §How Social Change Transforms Society §Theories and Processes of Social Change §How Technology Changes Society §The Growth Machine Versus the Earth

3. Copyright © 2003 Allyn & Bacon3 How Social Change Transforms Society §Social change - a shift in the characteristics of culture and society. §The first revolution allowed hunting and gathering societies to develop into horticultural and pastoral societies.

4. Copyright © 2003 Allyn & Bacon4 How Social Change Transforms Society §The plow allowed for agricultural societies to emerge. §With the steam engine came the Industrial Revolution. §Modernization - the sweeping changes ushered in by the Industrial Revolution.

5. Copyright © 2003 Allyn & Bacon5 Theories and Processes of Social Change §Cultural Evolution - each society evolves from simpler to more complex forms. §As they evolve, they will reach a higher state.

6. Copyright © 2003 Allyn & Bacon6 Theories and Processes of Social Change §Natural Cycles - assume that civilizations are like organisms. §They are born, come to maturity, and decline.

7. Copyright © 2003 Allyn & Bacon7 Theories and Processes of Social Change §Conflict over Power - Karl Marx identified a recurring theme in human history. §A struggle develops between a current arrangement of power and a new social order.

8. Copyright © 2003 Allyn & Bacon8 Theories and Processes of Social Change §Ogburn’s Theory - proposed a view of change that is based on technology. §Technology changes by three processes: l (1) invention l (2) discovery l (3) diffusion

9. Copyright © 2003 Allyn & Bacon9 How Technology Changes Society §Technology - it refers to tools, and to the skills needed to make or use these tools. §The chief characteristic of postindustrial societies is technology.

10. Copyright © 2003 Allyn & Bacon10 How Technology Changes Society §Technology greatly extends our abilities to analyze information, to communicate, and to travel. §These new technologies allow us to do what had never been done.

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12. Copyright © 2003 Allyn & Bacon12 The Growth Machine Versus the Earth §Of all the problems we face, perhaps those that affect the natural environment hold the most serious implications.

13. Copyright © 2003 Allyn & Bacon13 The Growth Machine Versus the Earth §Environmental problems: l acid rain l the greenhouse effect l global warming l energy shortages l environmental racism

14. Copyright © 2003 Allyn & Bacon14 Environmental Sociology §Environmental sociology - its focus is the relationship between human societies and the environment. §The goal of environmental sociology is not to stop pollution or nuclear power.

15. Copyright © 2003 Allyn & Bacon15 Environmental Sociology §The goal is to study how humans affect the physical environment, and how the environment affects humans.

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17. Copyright © 2003 Allyn & Bacon17 The End