1. Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

2. Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood Chapter Six

3. Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. I. Aspects of Physical Development A.Physiological Growth and Change B.Nutrition C.Motor Skills 1.Gross Motor Skills 2.Fine Motor Skills

4. Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. E.Sleep Patterns and Problems 1.Sleep Disturbances 2.Bed-Wetting D.Handedness

5. Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. II.Health and Safety A.Illness and Accidents B.Health in Context: Environmental Influences 1.Is Illness Good for Children? 2.Exposure to Illness and Stress 3.Poverty 4.Homelessness

6. Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. III.The Preoperational Child A.Advances Identified by Piaget and Others 1.The Symbolic Function 2.Understanding Identities 3.Understanding Cause and Effect 4.Ability to Classify 5.Understanding Number Concepts

7. Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 1.Centration 2.Confusing Appearance with Reality 3.Irreversibility B.Limitations of Preoperational Thought 4. Focus on States Rather Than on Transformations

8. Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 6.Egocentrism a.Testing b.Egocentrism and Animism c.Egocentrism and Empathy 5.Transductive Reasoning

9. Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 1.Knowledge about Thinking 2.Distinguishing Fantasy from Reality 3.False Beliefs and Deception D.Can Acquisition of Cognitive Abilities Be Speeded Up? C.Do Young Children Have Theories of Mind?

10. Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. IV.Aspects of Cognitive Development A. Language 1.Vocabulary and Diction 2.Grammar and Syntax 3.Pragmatics and Social Speech 4.Private Speech

11. Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 6.Preparation for Literacy 5.Delayed Language Development

12. Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 1.Recognition and Recall 2.Childhood Memories 3.Children’s Eyewitness Testimony 4.Influences on Children’s Memory B.Memory

13. Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. C.Intelligence 1.Traditional Psychometric Measures 2.Influences on Measured Intelligence: The Home 3.Testing and Teaching Based on Vygotsky’s “Zone of Proximal Development”

14. Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. V. Early Childhood Education A.Goals B.Compensatory Preschool Programs 1.Project Head Start 2.Preschools in Three Cultures C.How Academically Oriented Should Preschool and Kindergarten Be?