1. Demography - the study of populations: birth & death rates, marriages, families, etc...

2. Population Density - the avg. # of people per square mile/km. Densest areas include: 1) E. Asia, 2) S. Asia, 3) Europe, 4) E. U.S.

3. Population Thesis - The worldwide trend over the past 50 years is increased urbanization.

4. Birth Rate - # of live births each year out of every 1000 people. Death Rate - # of deaths each year out of every 1000 people.

5. Immigrants - people who move into a country. Emigrants - people who leave a country to live elsewhere.

6. Metropolitan Areas - central cities & suburbs. Urbanization - growth of city populations Rural Areas - countryside or farming regions

7. Cultural Traits: Non-Material / Material Cultural Traits: Non-Material / Material

8. Religion Religion Language Language Gov’t / Econ. Gov’t / Econ. Customs Customs Holidays Holidays Social Groups Social Groups Music / Dance Music / Dance Clothing Clothing Jewelry Jewelry Food Food Architecture Architecture Technology Technology Tools Tools Art Art

9. Acculturation - adapting or borrowing traits from other cultures. (language)

10. Diffusion - (ex. hair styles) spreading of traits from one culture to other areas. Culture Hearth - a center of culture where ideas begin and spread to other cultures.

11. Defining a Country: 1) Territory - land, water, resources in boundaries 2) Population - size & makeup of people

12. Defining a Country: 3) Sovereignty - freedom & power to make policies & actions. 4) Government - structure & type of authority.

13. Government Structure: Gov’t Type Gov’t Power Unitarian - Central Confederation - Units Federal - Shared

14. Gov’t Type - Unitary One central gov’t runs nation. Central gov’t makes all laws (Britain & Japan)

15. Gov’t Type - Confederation Smaller units keep their power and give a central gov’t limited authority. (Confederate States)

16. Gov’t Type - Federal A central gov’t shares power with smaller units (states). (U.S.)

17. Gov’t Authority - Authoritarian: Leaders hold all or most of the power

18. Gov’t Authority - Authoritarian: 1)Dictatorship – 1 leader with total power who gained power by force. 2) Monarchy - inherit power & rule as dictator.

19. Gov’t Authority - Authoritarian: Totalitarianism - total control over all parts of society: political, econ, pers. freedom

20. Government Rule Oligarchy: rule by a few Oligarchy: rule by a few 3 types: 3 types: Plutocracy : rule by the rich Plutocracy : rule by the rich Aristocracy : rule by the best Aristocracy : rule by the best Junta : rule by military generals Junta : rule by military generals

21. Gov’t Authority - Democracy: People choose leaders & gov’t policy. Representative democracy citizens vote for reps. who make laws. (U.S.)

22. Economic Systems: Goods - “things” you buy Services - something that you pay someone to do

23. Economic Systems: 1) What (& how many) goods/services produced? 2) How will products be produced? 3) How will products & wealth be distributed?

24. Economic Systems: Communism Socialism Capitalism Communism - “controlled market” “state” makes decisions, owns & operates industries

25. Economic Systems: Socialism - “mixed econ.” state owns & operates basic industries with some private companies, shared decisions on policies.

26. Economic Systems: Capitalism - “free market econ.” People make decisions Little gov’t control. (supply & demand)