1. United States Foreign Relations: James Monroe

2. Florida and the Seminoles Spain’s control in Florida was weak. Enslaved African Americans would escape from slave owners and cross into Florida Many would join Seminole tribe (Black Seminoles) Seminoles widely known for their attacks on American settlements 1817, Andrew Jackson was sent to recapture slaves Andrew Jackson would also destroy Seminole villages. Jackson went above and beyond his orders. Spain realized it could not protect Florida and gave it up in the Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)

3. Spanish Colonies Win Independence Spain owned the land in the America’s of any European nation by 1810. Natives of those lands saw the American/French Revolutions as a way to get away from the rule of Spain. 1 st Latin American Revolution began in 1810 (Mexico)

4. Mexico’s revolution Beginning in 1810, Miguel Hidalgo secretly organized an army of Native Americans to help free Mexican provinces 1811, Hidalgo was captured and executed 1820, Fighting broke out again. By 1821, Creoles began to support the reason for war and won control of Mexico. 1823, Mexico created a constitution similar to the United States.

5. Independence in South & Central America South & Central America was also under the control of Spain Early leaders had a major role in the fight for independence Simon Bolivar (Liberator): Led early Venezuelan independence movements and later became the leader of the Republic of Greater Colombia (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama)

6. Independence in South & Central America Jose de San Martin led Argentina to freedom in 1816, and then he helped the people of Chile, Peru, and Ecuador win their independence. By 1821, the United Provinces of Central America were formed (Nicaragua, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala) By this time Spain had lost all its colonies in Latin America except Cuba and Puerto Rico

7. Independence in South & Central America 1822, Brazil gained their freedom from Portugal. By 1825, most of Latin America had gained their independence from Europe

8. Monroe Doctrine Once the new nations were formed, Pres. Monroe was concerned European powers would attempt to help Spain its colonies. December 1823, James Monroe made a statement to Congress (is known as the Monroe Doctrine) The U.S. would not allow any European nations to create American colonies or interfere with free nations of Latin America. The U.S. would consider any attempt to be dangerous to our peace and safety

9. Relations with Canada Following the Revolutionary War, Canada was very much divided into two parts Upper Canada (English) Lower Canada (French) Great Britain was successful in putting down Canadian rebellions but realized it must give Canadians more powers of self-government Act of 1841, Canada’s two part merged as one and was governed by Canadian legislature Canada and U.S. had their difference, especially when the U.S. tried to invade, but slowly tensions have settled and they both have great relations today