1. 16-3 Winds(pages 552–558) 1. State how scientists describe and explain winds. 2. Distinguish between local winds and global winds. 3. Identify where the major global wind belts are located.

2. What Is Wind? (page 553) 1. State how scientists describe and explain winds. Key Concept: Winds are caused by differences in air pressure.

3. Wind is the sideways movement of air. The air always moves from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.

4. Differences in air pressure are caused by differences in how places are heated by the sun. Warm air has less pressure than cooler air.

5. The name of a wind tells you where the wind is coming from. For example, a west wind blows from the west.

6. Wind speed is measured with an anemometer.

7. anemometer wind

8. Local Winds (page 554) 2. Distinguish between local winds and global winds. Key Concept: Local winds are caused by the unequal heating of Earth’s surface within a small area.

9. Local winds are winds that blow over a short distance. A cool breeze blowing in from the water over a beach is an example of a local wind.

10. Unequal heating often happens near lakes and ocean coasts.

11. A sea breeze is a local wind that blows from an ocean. A lake breeze is a local wind that blows from a lake.

12. A sea breeze or lake breeze usually happens during the day.

13. A land breeze is a local wind that blows from the land over a lake or ocean. A land breeze usually happens at night.

14. Local winds Sea breezeLand breeze

15. Global Winds (page 555) 2. Distinguish between local winds and global winds. Key Concept: Like local winds, global winds are created by the unequal heating of Earth’s surface. But unlike local winds, global winds occur over a large area.

16. A global wind is a wind that blows steadily over long distances. A global wind blows from the same direction every time.

17. The sun heats Earth unequally. For example, the sun shines directly over the equator. The sun shines at an angle over the poles.

18. Earth rotates from east to west. Earth’s rotation makes global winds curve. The way that winds curve is called the Coriolis effect.

19. Coriolis effect Global wind true

20. Global Wind Belts (pages 556–558) 3. Identify where the major global wind belts are located. Key Concept: The major global wind belts are the trade winds, the polar easterlies, and the prevailing westerlies.

21. A series of wind belts circles Earth. Between the winds belts are calm areas.

22. The trade winds are global winds that blow in the Northern Hemisphere toward the equator from 30° north latitude. Latitude is the distance from the equator.

23. Winds blow from the west to the east between 30° and 60° latitude in both the Northern and the Southern hemispheres. Since these winds always blow from the west, they are called the prevailing westerlies.

24. The polar easterlies blow from the poles and curve eastward.

25. High-speed winds called jet streams blow at the top of the troposphere.