1. The Spine

2. Components of vertebra

3. Components of Vertebra Body: Vertebral Foreman: Spinous Process: Transverse Process: Laminae: Pedicles:

4. Curvature of Spine Lordosis: spine curves anteriorly - Kyphosis: Spine curves posteriorly

5. Regions of the Spine Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacrum Coccyx

6. Cervical Spine Neck bones Atlas: Axis:

7. Atlas & Axis Atlas: -Has no __________ -Articulates with the ___________ of the skull -Moves head forward________________ ___________________s and backwards on this joint Axis: -Contains a “_______” which acts as a pivot -Allows head to move ____________________

8. Cervical Spine _____________ in size then other areas of the spine Large vertebral foreman _______sets of cervical nerves that exit the spinal cord in this area Role of cervical spine:

9. Thoracic Spine 12 Vertebra (T1-T12)

10. Thoracic Spine ______________________________ (12) Transition between the cervical spine and lumbar spine

11. Normal cat scan of thoracic vertebra

12. Lumbar Vertebra 5 Lumbar (L1-L5) Massive body: Robust Transverse and spinous process Small vertebral foreman Allow _________________ Spinal cord exits the vetebral foreman around ____________

13. Sacrum and Coccyx Sacrum: -5 ____________ vertebra -Allows nerves to pass through Coccyx - Located below sacrum

14. Spinal nerves Intro to what area they control

15. Spine Injuries and Diseases

16. Lordosis Inward curvature of a portion of the lumbar and cervical vertebral column A major factor of lordosis is __________________, when the pelvis tips forward when resting on top of the femurs Causes

17. Kyphosis Kyphosis is a curving of the spine that causes ________________________ ________________________, which leads to a hunchback or slouching posture Causes

18. Scoliosis Abnormal curve in the spine. (medial/lateral) ______________ times more common in girls than boys Most common in those over 10 years of age Causes:

19. Scoliosis Signs and Symptoms: –Unbalanced back –One leg longer than the other –Adam’s Forward Bend (Bend over test) Look at hips and shoulders If looks off send for X-rays

20. ScoliosisScoliosis of the thoracic spine (adolescent). Black pen marks represent physician's technique for measuring angle of thoracic curve. This much curve is usually treated with surgery.

21. Scoliosis Treatment: -Small angle: -Medium Angle: (under 40 degrees)

22. Scoliosis Treatment: –Over ______degrees angle: Surgery