1. Vertebral Column

2. Do Now Type 2 Writing 4 minutes to write 5 things from last class

3. Spine The spine (vertebral column) spans from the base of the spine, all the way to the pelvis Function – Major core support and protects the spinal cord Curvature Kyphosis (hunch back) Lordosis

4. Spine 24 single vertebrae make up the spine An additional 2 fused bones at the bottom (sacrum and coccyx) help provide a flexible curved structure What are the 3 different types of vertebrae? Cervical Vertebrae Thoracic Vertebrae Lumbar Vertebrae

5. Cervical Vertebrae 7 Cervical Vertebrae C1 – C7 Superior portion of the spine C1 and C2 are commonly referred to as… Atlas Axis Smaller than the rest of the vertebrae

6. Thoracic Vertebrae 12 Thoracic Vertebrae T1 – T12 The only vertebrae that articulate with the ribs Body of the Vertebrae is slightly larger than that of the Cervical Vertebrae

7. Lumbar Vertebrae 5 total lumbar vertebrae L1 – L5 Large, block-like bodies Most sturdy of all the vertebrae

8. Spine To help remember the number of bones in the vertebrae, remember common meal times 7am 12 noon 5pm

9. Intervertebral Disks Between each vertebrae lie intervertebral disks Each disk is composed of strong, fibrous tissue Inside the fibrous tissue lies a semifluid nucleus Function – Shock absorption

10. Injuries of the Spine Herniated Disk Cervical Sprain (Whiplash) Spina Bifida

11. Herniated Disk Disks, specifically lumbar, are subjected to constant, intense stress Stress can cause degeneration, tears and cracks in fibrous disk tissue Tears in the tissue can cause the fluid to fall out and compress the nerves of the spinal cord

12. Disk Herniation

13. Cervical Sprain (Whiplash) Occurs from a sudden snap of the head Pain might not be present initially, but almost always appears the day after the trauma

14. Spina Bifida A birth defect when the vertebrae do not form around the spinal cord Mild cases might not need treatment Severe cases can require surgery

15. Spina Bifida

16. Homework Answer Questions 14-16 on pg. 158 (?)