1. Vocabulary cell prokaryote eukaryote microscope theory function
multicellular
unicellular
organelle
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
golgi apparatus
endoplasmic reticulum
cell membrane
cell wall
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Nucleuolus
ribosome

2. Videos A History of the Cell:
Bill Nye on Cells
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

3. The Cell Theory

4. Principal # 1 All organisms are made of one or more cells.
Some organisms are made up of one cell
Others are multicellular or made up of many cells

5. Principal # 2
The cell is the most basic unit of life.

6. Principal # 3
All existing cells are produced by other living cells.

7. I. All Cells A. Tend to be microscopic B. Have a few key structures:
i. are enclosed by a membrane.
ii. are filled with cytoplasm.
cell membrane
Bacterium
(colored SEM; magnification 8800x)
cytoplasm

8. II. Prokaryotic Cells A. Are the most basic cells B. Unicellular
C. Contain simple structures
Cell membrane
cytoplasm
genetic material (DNA) genetic just floats around in the cell
Organelles that do not have a membranes
D. Example: Bacteria

9. Stop and Jot What comes to mind when you think of bacteria?
Take two minutes to write your thoughts down in your notes

10. Bacteria There are many different types of bacteria
Some can cause disease
Some recycle important natural resources through decomposition
We use some bacteria to make food, particularly milk products
Cheese, yogurt, sour cream, buttermilk

11. III. Eukaryotic Cells A. Contain simple structures of Prokaryotes
B. Contain a nucleus which holds the genetic material
C. Have multiple organelles with membranes
D. Unicellular or Multicellular
E. Example: Plant or Animal cells

12. Eukaryotic Cell

13. Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

14. ** Eukaryotic Cells: **
Remember, eukaryotic cells are those that have a true nucleus and have organized, complex organelles.
Both PLANT and ANIMAL cells fall under the category of Eukaryotic Cells.

15. Animal cell: what do you see?

16. Organelles in an animal cell:
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Ribosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria

17. I. What are organelles?
Definition: Organelles are specialized structures that perform important cellular functions within eukaryotic cells
You have a body that has organs that do specific things so your whole body will work. An organelle is like an organ for the cell.

18. II. Nucleus
a. STRUCTURE: large organelle in the center of the cell that controls everything that happens in the cell…the “brain” of the cell
b. FUNCTION:
-Stores all genetic material
(DNA)

19. Nucleus

20. V. Nucleolus
DEFINITION: small, dense structure in the nucleus that creates rRNA.
FUNCTION:
Creates ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
rRNA is very important in making ribosomes
Ribosomes are involved in making proteins

21. Nucleolus

22. VI. Cytoplasm
DEFINITION: all material in the cell except for the nucleus.
A gooey liquid that fills the cell and acts as support
All organelles except nucleus
FUNCTION:
It supports the cell…kind of like bubble wrap or packing peanuts protect a package.

23. Cytoplasm

24. VII. Cellular membrane
DEFINITION: thin, flexible layer that surrounds the cell’s cytoplasm.
FUNCTION:
Controls what goes into and out of the cell
Protection

25. Cellular membrane

26. I. Ribosome
Definition: a small, dense organelle made mostly from rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
Placement in cell: attached to endoplasmic reticulum or free in cytoplasmic liquid.
Function:
Makes proteins

27. Ribosome

28. II. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
Definition: a system of folded tube-like structures attached to the nucleus.
Function:
Folds proteins
Transports proteins
Site of ribosomes

29. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):

30. III. Golgi Apparatus:
Definition: a system of folded tube-like structures NOT attached to the nucleus.
Function:
packages things that are made in the cell to be transported to another organelle or outside of the cell (i.e. enzymes, proteins, hormones)

31. Golgi Apparatus

32. IV. Mitochondria:
Description: a membrane-enclosed organelle with cristae (folds) inside.
Function:
Creates the ATP (chemical energy) that most of the cell uses.

33. Mitochondria:

34. Lysosomes
Definition: small organelles within the cytoplasm that are filled with enzymes
Function: Break down…
food into small particles that can be used by the rest of the cell
organelles that are no longer needed and other waste in the cell

36. Vacuoles Definition: fluid-filled sac
Small in animal cells
Large in plant cells
Function: Used to store materials needed by the cell like water, food and enzymes
i. Supports heavy structures like leaves and flowers in plants

37. Vacuole in a Plant Cell

38. Organelles found ONLY in Plants:
Cell Walls
Chloroplasts

39. Cell Wall Definition: A rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane
Function: To provide support and protection for the cell
The cell walls of multiple cells can attach to one another to support the organism
Cell walls are made of different materials depending on the organism

40. Cell wall

41. Chloroplast
Definition: are organelles that have a double membrane and stacks of disc-like shapes containing chlorophyll
Function: Use energy from the sunlight to make food for the cell through the process of photosynthesis
Chlorophyll gives plants their green color
Like mitochondria because it provides energy

42. Chloroplast

43. Cell wall
Chloroplast
Large vacuole
PLANT CELL

44. Nucleus
Cell
Membrane
ANIMAL PLANT

45. Fill in the chart Organelles Plant Animal Vacuole Yes No Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Shape
Square
Circle

46. Answer Key Plant Animal Vacuole(s) 1 large Many small ones Chloroplast
Yes No
Cell Wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Shape
Square Like
Circle Like

47. Can you identify the organelles?
I’m a real “powerhouse”
That’s plain to see
I break down food
To release energy
What am I? ______________________

48. I’m strong and stiff
Getting through me is tough
I’m found only in plants
But I guess that’s enough
What am I? ______________________

49. I’m the brain of the cell
Or so they say
I regulate cell activities
From day to day
What am I? ____________________

50. Found only in plant cells,
I’m green as can be
I make food for the plant
Using the sun’s energy
What am I? ______________________

51. I’m a series of tubes
Found throughout the cell
I transport proteins
And other things as well
What am I? ___________________

52. I’m full of holes
Flexible and thin
I control what gets out
And what comes in
What am I? _________________

53. Proteins are made here
Even though I’m quite small
You can find me in the cytoplasm
Or attached to E.R.’s wall
What am I? ______________________

54. I’ve been called a “storage tank”
By those with little taste
I’m a sac filled with water
Food, enzymes, or waste
What am I? ______________________

55. Since I contain many enzymes,
I can digest an injured cell;
And can break down a large molecule
Into a smaller one as well
What am I? ______________________

56. Exit Ticket
Which organelle makes proteins and is located in the cytoplasm or on the surface of ER?
a. nucleus
b. golgi apparatus
c. ribosome
2. Where is DNA housed in Eukaryotic cell?
a. inside a cell’s cytoplasm
b. inside a cell’s nucleus
c. inside a cell’s nucleolus
3. Which scientist coined the term “cell” after the cells or rooms of a monastery?
4. Name 1 of the principals of the cell theory.
5. What are the two key structures that ALL cells have?