1. Grab both papers from the table HOMEWORK:(Due: Thursday)
BE PREPARED…
Grab both papers from the table
HOMEWORK:(Due: Thursday)
Finish Underground Railroad cartoon
Complete Chapter 15-2 Notes (on my website)

2. What are you going to learn today? TODAY YOU WILL …
REVIEW Harriet Tubman & The Underground Railroad
2. Create a story utilizing old and new information
Review & Discuss the MAIN IDEAS of ch.15 section 1.
2. Create a CARTOON that illustrates key ideas & information about the Underground Railroad

3. Harriet Tubman - A worker on the Underground Railroad, made 19 trips to the South
The Underground Railroad was formed in the early 19th century, and reached its height between 1850 and One estimate suggests that by 1850, 100,000 slaves had escaped via the "Railroad". British North America, where slavery was prohibited, was a popular destination

4. Johnson House - Germantown
In Our Own Backyard…
The Underground Railroad had stations in Horsham, Upper Moreland, Montgomery and Abington in Montgomery County and Solesbury, Quakertown, Doylestown, Yardley, Newtown and Buckingham in Bucks
Montgomery County was one of the strongest links in the Underground Railroad because of active anti-slavery groups like the Quakers. 
Johnson House - Germantown

5. Slaves seeking refuge along the route needed to know whether a house was safe.  One of the most common signals of safety was the statue of a black jockey with a red cap.  Conductors on the Underground Railroad would place U.S. flags or lighted lanterns in the statue's hands to signify that it was safe to enter.  The absence of a flag or lantern meant slaves should wait or move on to the next depot. Green ribbons were also tied to the arms of the statue to indicate safety; red ribbons meant to keep going.
Old York Road, which ran from Philadelphia to New York, was one of the major tracks along the route to freedom in Canada.  By day, it appeared to be a muddy horse-and-buggy trail that weaved its way north through eastern Montgomery County and was used by farmers to transport their goods to Philadelphia.  By night, slaves cautiously making their way to freedom traveled the road as they followed the North Star.  They sought refuge along the way in the homes of abolitionists and free blacks who had vowed to aid them in their quests.

6. Stations hid slaves in various spots

7. NORTH STAR Quilt WAGON WHEEL Quilt CROSSROADS Quilt
Each pattern represented a different meaning. Some of the most common were “North Star”, which slaves followed to the North, “Wagon Wheel”, which meant it was time to pack their provisions for the journey, and “Crossroads”, which indicated there was a major city ahead. Quilts slung over a fence or windowsill, seemingly to air, passed on the necessary information to knowing slaves. Quilts hung out to air was a common sight on a plantation, neither the plantation owner nor the overseer would notice anything suspicious. It was all part of a day’s work for the slaves.
NORTH STAR Quilt
WAGON WHEEL Quilt
CROSSROADS Quilt

8. Spirituals Wade in the Water
Contains instructions to fugitive slaves on how to avoid capture and the route to take to successfully make their way to freedom. This particular song allegedly recommends leaving dry land and taking to the water as a strategy to throw pursuing bloodhounds off one's trail
Swing Low Sweet Chariot
Many people believe this referred to the Underground Railroad, the resistance movement that helped slaves escape from the South to the North and Canada
The Drinking Gourd
Folklore has it that fugitive slaves in the United States used it as a point of reference so they would not get lost. According to legend, the song was used by a conductor of the Underground Railroad called Peg Leg Joe to guide some fugitive slaves
In following the Drinking Gourd, the lyrics suggested slaves follow the "drinking gourd," a nickname for the Big Dipper, which pointed to the North Star and the way to freedom

9. With more slaves escaping via the Underground Railroad, a stricter law was needed to help capture runaway slaves

10. The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
The law made any official who didn’t arrest an alleged runaway liable to a $1,000 fine
A captured runaway could not testify in court or have a trial by jury
Slave catchers roamed northern cities (sometimes taking free African-Americans)

11. Signs like this were posted in northern cities, offering rewards for fugitive slaves

12. Under the law, any person who provided runaways with food or shelter was subject to 6 months imprisonment and a $1,000 fine

13. Officers who helped capture runways were entitled to a bonus
This led to many free blacks being conscripted into slavery since they had NO rights in court

14. Reaction to the Law
South’s reaction – pleased; considered slaves to be property (stolen car)
North’s reaction – angry; couldn’t ignore slavery anymore

15. They had come to believe slavery must end
Raised money for the antislavery cause by selling their needlework
They had come to believe slavery must end

16. “all men are created equal”…NOT TRUE
1.) Sin for a human to own a human
2.) All people are Equal
50,000
1 Million
Believed Africans Americans would never have equal rights in America
Most African Americans were born in the U.S.

17. to end it everywhere immediately
Reformers that wanted to end slavery completely
to end it everywhere immediately

18. Maria Stewart free petition
lawsuits
newspapers
free
themselves
petition

19. The Liberator White Abolitionists Daughters of slave owner
Born into slavery. Learned to Read.
White Abolitionists
Daughters of slave owner
To become abolitionists
The Sorrows & the meaning of freedom
The Liberator
Anti-Slavery Society
Objected to women speaking in public
The North Star

20. A network of abolitionists who helped enslaved people escape
North or Canada
Guided runaways to stations which were homes of abolitionists
Led more than 300 enslaved people to freedom (Named after the Biblical leader)
$40,000

21. Attacked by Mobs Preaching violence
Dependent on cotton from the South
Feared African Americans would take their jobs
Attacked by Mobs
Preaching violence
destroy
way of life

22. Opinion! Caught, punished, or killed Escaping to the North
a.) Becoming free, escaping abuse
b.)Being caught,
dangerous trip, leaving family
Runaway independently
Caught, punished, or killed
Opinion!