1. General Motors Research & Development Electrical & Controls Integration Lab Wireless Networks for v2v and v2i Communication CMU Kick-off meeting 01 March 2004

2. General Motors Research & Development Electrical & Controls Integration Lab 2 Jay Parikh ECI Lab 01 Mar. 2004 GM’s Global Telematics Vision Connected Vehicles…Connected People Connected vehicles save our customers time, keep them in control, safe, informed, and entertained. When our customers allow their connected vehicles to be part of a network, it makes everyone’s life better by generating information that benefits everyone. ECI Focus: Explore the feasibility, limitations and potentials of wireless networks to deliver real-time traffic information services to our customers and to demonstrate automotive safety applications for GM vehicles

3. General Motors Research & Development Electrical & Controls Integration Lab 3 Jay Parikh ECI Lab 01 Mar. 2004 Network Topology GSM, CDMA, PCS, 2.5/3G Wi-Fi (802.11x) XM Satellite Ubiquity Traffic Probe Vehicle Wireless Networks Mobile Ad-hoc (Self-forming, multihop)

4. General Motors Research & Development Electrical & Controls Integration Lab 4 Jay Parikh ECI Lab 01 Mar. 2004 Example Traffic Scenario Immediate spread of knowledge to surrounding vehicles within ad-hoc network Exit Incidence notification to OnStar Information relay to other vehicles for dynamic route guidance

5. General Motors Research & Development Electrical & Controls Integration Lab 5 Jay Parikh ECI Lab 01 Mar. 2004 Objectives Safety: Develop a cooperative collision warning strategy using V2V communicationDevelop a cooperative collision warning strategy using V2V communication Replace/enhance collision avoidance sensors for GM vehiclesReplace/enhance collision avoidance sensors for GM vehiclesTelematics: Enable advanced telematics services through networkEnable advanced telematics services through network Create OnStar to the power of NCreate OnStar to the power of N

6. General Motors Research & Development Electrical & Controls Integration Lab 6 Jay Parikh ECI Lab 01 Mar. 2004 Our Approach Explore mobile ad hoc network concept using proprietary and standards based solutionsExplore mobile ad hoc network concept using proprietary and standards based solutions Develop and demonstrate active safety and possible telematics applications to assess feasibility and establish requirementsDevelop and demonstrate active safety and possible telematics applications to assess feasibility and establish requirements Conduct research to address network performance, scalability and capacity using analytical and simulation tools for real-world scenariosConduct research to address network performance, scalability and capacity using analytical and simulation tools for real-world scenarios Leverage expertise of our research partners and integrate the concept into GM vehiclesLeverage expertise of our research partners and integrate the concept into GM vehicles

7. General Motors Research & Development Electrical & Controls Integration Lab 7 Jay Parikh ECI Lab 01 Mar. 2004 Mobile Ad Hoc Network Solutions Proprietary Solution from Mesh NetworksProprietary Solution from Mesh Networks –2.4 GHz unlicensed band –Off-the-shelf hardware –Proprietary routing and communication protocols –Ready for quick integration and concept validation Standards - DSRCStandards - DSRC –5.9 GHz licensed band –FCC approval granted in Dec. 03 –Communication protocols under development –No commercial H/W available yet –No plans for network routing protocols

8. General Motors Research & Development Electrical & Controls Integration Lab 8 Jay Parikh ECI Lab 01 Mar. 2004 Our Plan By Fall ’04:By Fall ’04: –Develop and demonstrate Rear-End, Intersection, Lane Change/Merge countermeasures and collect real-time vehicle data using commercially available hardware –Conduct ad hoc network research to answer: Network performance, RF power control, network scalability, etc.Network performance, RF power control, network scalability, etc. –Conduct network simulation research to answer: RF propagation model, data channel capacity, effect of vehicle density, etc.RF propagation model, data channel capacity, effect of vehicle density, etc. By Fall ’05:By Fall ’05: –Integrate research results into concept vehicles –Investigate possibility to enhance or replace DAS (Driver Assistance System) for production

9. General Motors Research & Development Electrical & Controls Integration Lab 9 Jay Parikh ECI Lab 01 Mar. 2004 Safety Applications Safety Warnings Cooperative V-V Collison Avoidance  Emergency Electronic Brake Lights  Cooperative Forward Collision Warning  Blind Spot Warning  Lane Change Warning  Vehicle-to-Vehicle Road Condition Warning  Vehicle-to-Vehicle Road Feature Notification  Visibility Enhancer  Highway Merge Assistant  Cooperative Collision Warning  Approaching Emergency Vehicle Warning Post Collision and Other Safety  Post-Crash Warning, e.g. ACN  SOS Services Collision Mitigation  Pre-Crash Sensing for Cooperative Collision Mitigation, e.g. enhanced air-bags & seat-belts, truck/car compatibility, brake assist Safety Warnings Intersection Collision Avoidance (Infrastructure-Assisted)  Traffic Signal Violation Warning  Stop Sign Violation Warning  Left Turn Assistant  Stop Sign Movement Assistant  Intersection Collision Warning  Pedestrian Crossing Information at Intersection  Emergency Vehicle Signal Preemption Non-Intersection Collision Avoidance (Infrastructure- Assisted)  Curve Speed Warning – Rollover Warning  Low Bridge Warning  Low Parking Structure Warning  Work Zone Warning  Wrong Way Driver Warning  Road Condition Warning  Blind Merge Warning  Highway/Rail Collision Warning Normal Driving  Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control  In-Vehicle Signage  In-Vehicle Amber Alert

10. General Motors Research & Development Electrical & Controls Integration Lab 10 Jay Parikh ECI Lab 01 Mar. 2004 Example Application Scenarios Example Application Scenarios

11. General Motors Research & Development Electrical & Controls Integration Lab 11 Jay Parikh ECI Lab 01 Mar. 2004 Vehicle as Traffic Probe Vehicles periodically report its speed and position to a data center for real-time trafficVehicles periodically report its speed and position to a data center for real-time traffic Vehicles directly communicate with data centerVehicles directly communicate with data center Data center must be capable of managing communication channels and data from large number of vehiclesData center must be capable of managing communication channels and data from large number of vehicles How can ad hoc network help?How can ad hoc network help? –Reduce communication requirements by aggregating and processing data from networked vehicles before reporting to data center –Reduce required data transfer –Reduce dependability on infrastructure –Quickly spread emergency information among networked vehicles

12. General Motors Research & Development Electrical & Controls Integration Lab 12 Jay Parikh ECI Lab 01 Mar. 2004 UC Berkeley / PATH Demonstrate active safety applications - Fall ‘04Demonstrate active safety applications - Fall ‘04 –Utilize 6 AHS vehicles (Buick) to demonstrate: Rear-end crash warningRear-end crash warning Intersection warningIntersection warning Lane change/merge warningLane change/merge warning –Develop protocols and algorithms for cooperative situational awareness Establish communication content and performance requirementsEstablish communication content and performance requirements Develop and demonstrate warning / interface strategyDevelop and demonstrate warning / interface strategy Collect, analyze, and visualize dataCollect, analyze, and visualize data –Implement using commercially available hardware solution from Mesh Networks

13. General Motors Research & Development Electrical & Controls Integration Lab 13 Jay Parikh ECI Lab 01 Mar. 2004 Carnegie Mellon University Create and demonstrate ad hoc network based on evolving DSRC standard capable of supporting safety and telematics applications – Fall ‘04/05Create and demonstrate ad hoc network based on evolving DSRC standard capable of supporting safety and telematics applications – Fall ‘04/05 –Define latency requirements for: Network connection and packet transmission/retransmissionNetwork connection and packet transmission/retransmission –Determine network scalability and reliability How many hops can ad hoc network reliably cover?How many hops can ad hoc network reliably cover? –Optimize protocols for automotive environment Routing protocols - proactive, reactive and hybridRouting protocols - proactive, reactive and hybrid Targeting or controlling a flood fillTargeting or controlling a flood fill Adaptive power control for sparse/dense trafficAdaptive power control for sparse/dense traffic –Develop algorithms to cooperate between Mobile IP, ad hoc network and infrastructure –Demonstrate real-time vehicle data collection using ad hoc network and communication with infrastructure

14. General Motors Research & Development Electrical & Controls Integration Lab 14 Jay Parikh ECI Lab 01 Mar. 2004 Hughes Research Laboratory Develop and validate a cooperative 360° collision warning strategy through simulation - Dec ‘04Develop and validate a cooperative 360° collision warning strategy through simulation - Dec ‘04 –Develop RF propagation model –Simulate communications protocols –Evaluate channel capacity –Simulate network throughput –Simulate dense and sparse traffic conditions –Simulate ranging schemes –Integrate with CORSIM traffic simulator for real-world traffic scenarios and validation –Evaluate possible impact on traffic flow and vehicle safety

15. General Motors Research & Development Electrical & Controls Integration Lab 15 Jay Parikh ECI Lab 01 Mar. 2004 Ad Hoc Network for Active Safety and Telematics R&D Approach: Explore ad hoc network using commercial and standards based solutions Develop and demonstrate active safety and telematics applications Research to address network performance, capacity and scalability using analytical and simulation tools for real-world scenarios Leverage expertise of our collaborative research partners and integrate the concept into GM vehicles UC Berkeley / PATH: Demonstrate active safety applications – Fall ’04 Forward collision warning Intersection warning Lane change/merge warning Develop protocols and algorithms for situational awareness Implement using commercially available solution Budget – 460k Resources – 1 Faculty, 2 Res. Eng., 1 Grad Student HRL: Develop and validate a cooperative 360° collision warning strategy via simulation – Dec. ’04 Develop RF propagation model Simulate communication protocols Simulate different traffic conditions Simulate network throughput Evaluate impact on traffic flow and vehicle safety Budget – 275K Resources – ¾ FTE CMU: Demonstrate based on DSRC – Fall ’04/05 Develop a test-bed using 5.8GHz 802.11a for: Real-time propagation model RF channels management (control and data) Determine network scalability, reliability, latency Develop and optimize routing protocols Develop algorithms to cooperate between ad hoc network & infrastructure for telematics applications Budget – CRL $$$ Resources – 2 Faculty, 1 post doc, 4 grad students

16. General Motors Research & Development Electrical & Controls Integration Lab 16 Jay Parikh ECI Lab 01 Mar. 2004 Moving Vehicle Results 1 stationary, 1 dynamic antenna, with obstruction1 stationary, 1 dynamic antenna, with obstruction Receiving vehicle ~ 40 mph, no lost packetsReceiving vehicle ~ 40 mph, no lost packets v1v1 d y1 d x1 

17. General Motors Research & Development Electrical & Controls Integration Lab 17 Jay Parikh ECI Lab 01 Mar. 2004 Moving Vehicle Results 2 vehicles ~ various speeds, same direction2 vehicles ~ various speeds, same direction Distances up to 150 m, no lost packetsDistances up to 150 m, no lost packets

18. General Motors Research & Development Electrical & Controls Integration Lab 18 Jay Parikh ECI Lab 01 Mar. 2004 Moving Vehicle Results Various vehicle speeds, same direction, 150 mVarious vehicle speeds, same direction, 150 m Cut-in SUV, no lost packetsCut-in SUV, no lost packets

19. General Motors Research & Development Electrical & Controls Integration Lab 19 Jay Parikh ECI Lab 01 Mar. 2004 Moving Vehicle Results Highway, light traffic, 60mphHighway, light traffic, 60mph Reception good, generally dependent on line of sightReception good, generally dependent on line of sight large truck blocking

20. General Motors Research & Development Electrical & Controls Integration Lab 20 Jay Parikh ECI Lab 01 Mar. 2004 Internal Project Plans for 2004 Investigate V-V communications and GPS as a low-cost solution for remote sensing between vehiclesInvestigate V-V communications and GPS as a low-cost solution for remote sensing between vehicles Development of a 360 degree collision warning strategy using V-V communicationsDevelopment of a 360 degree collision warning strategy using V-V communications Analyze, develop and demonstrate prototype vehicle safety applications using V-V communicationsAnalyze, develop and demonstrate prototype vehicle safety applications using V-V communications

21. General Motors Research & Development Electrical & Controls Integration Lab 21 Jay Parikh ECI Lab 01 Mar. 2004 Issues and Challenges Analysis of communication technologies and standardsAnalysis of communication technologies and standards Network protocols for V-V communicationNetwork protocols for V-V communication Standardized data messagesStandardized data messages Communication channel capacity and availabilityCommunication channel capacity and availability Infrastructure integrationInfrastructure integration Range of coverage, intelligent power managementRange of coverage, intelligent power management Interference, connection reliabilityInterference, connection reliability Connection LatencyConnection Latency Security, PrivacySecurity, Privacy (D)GPS/Map integration(D)GPS/Map integration Antenna, etc.Antenna, etc.