1. Indus River Valley

2. Bell Ringer Which Mesopotamian invention do you think is most important? irrigation wheel sailboat plow cuneiform calendar

3. Ancient India Map Activity: Hand in your Venn-Diagram and thesis statements Use book – page 42 Use colored pencils to complete map activity

4. Indus Valley (2500 – 1500 BCE)

5. The Indian Subcontinent Subcontinent Hindu-Kush & Himalaya Mts. Natural barrier between Huang He and Indus RVC Located near 2 rivers – Indus and Ganges

6. Monsoons of India Monsoons are seasonal winds that blow across the subcontinent. Winter – blows from North & West; bring cool, dry air Summer – blow from South & East; bring hot moist air; rainy season

7. Evidence People settled around 3000 BCE writing undeciphered must rely on archaeology and artifacts

8. Harappan Culture Written language – pictograms Little division in social class Similar housing Extra goods (children’s toys) Strong central government – theocracy; similar to later Hindu tradition

9. Seal from Mohenjo-Daro

10. Cities Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro well-planned grid pattern standard size bricks, extensive plumbing system uniform weights & measures

11. Mohenjo - Daro

12. Set of weights from Harappa

13. Economy Farming: grew wheat, barley, melons, dates Trading: cotton cloth, grain, copper, pearls, ivory Trade with other cultures including those in Mesopotamia is evident (soapstone seals found in Sumer)

14. Religion polytheistic included a mother goddess of creation -- Shiva sacred animals

15. Disappearance What Happened to Harrapa??? Examine theories in groups Use your textbook p. 45 “Mysterious End to Indus…” Name each of theories Identify key points of each theory As an Individual: Use key points of each theory to write your own theory of what happened to the Harrapa Use notes to back up your theory

16. Disappearance Theories damage to environment volcano eruption blocks Indus earthquake Nomadic invaders overrun Indus valley Aryans (c.a. 1500 BCE)

17. Tour of Harappa: http://www.harappa.com/indus/indus0.ht ml http://www.harappa.com/indus/indus0.ht ml

18. Aryan Civilization (1500 – 500 BCE)

19. Aryans an Indo-European people invaded India through Khyber Pass Vedas – prayers, hymns, religious teachings

20. Society divided by occupation Brahmins – priests Kshatriyas – warriors Vaisyas – herders, farmers, artisans, merchants Sudras – Dravidians, non- Aryans, laborers, servants

21. Society warriors on top at first, priests rise when people settle into the area hierarchy develops into caste system

22. Religion polytheistic Brahmins offered sacrifices to the gods ideas will evolve into Hinduism & Buddhism

23. Religion developments brahman – single spiritual force beyond all the gods mystics – people who devote their lives to seeking spiritual truth

24. Writing Sanskrit writing developed by 500 BCE priests write down the Vedas still maintained oral traditions

25. Gupta Empire Golden Age of Classical India Contributions of Gupta Mathematics Textiles-elaborate designs Literature-Mahabharata