1. Why Do We Need To Understand the Structure of Viruses and How they Replicate?

2. Things to Think about
How can understanding HIV replication help prevent or stop the progress of the virus into developing AIDS?
Are you thinking about getting an HPV vaccine? What exactly is it?
How can viruses be used to treat cancer?

3. VIRUSES ARE THEY CONSIDERED LIVING?
Not considered living because:
How do they get their energy? They are parasites
So, what is a virus?

4. Characteristics of Viruses
Strains of viruses are designed to attack specific host organisms
Tobacco virus → tobacco plant
Bacteriophage → bacterium

5. DNA vs. RNA

6. DNA vs. RNA
DNA – “blueprint” - codes for all the proteins that the body requires to function

7. Structure of Bacteriophage

8. REPRODUCTION OF VIRUSES: LYTIC CYCLE
Step 1
End Result

9. LYSOGENIC CYCLE

10. BOTH CYCLES

11. Questions What are the advantages/disadvantages of each cycle?
Do the host cells have any defense mechanisms?
________________________________________________________________________________________
How can we manipulate this process for our own purposes?

12. RNA Virus

13. Retrovirus Genetic material = _____________
Instruct host cell to use viral _________ to create viral _________

14. HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS

15. REPLICATION IN T CELLS

16. A.I.D.S. Affects immune system by weakening it
T cells B cells antibodies
Die from ______________________
HIV is an international problem = pandemic
Preventive measures can stop spread

17. Most of the time it is a silent killer
Responsible for _____________________
Can be prevented in caught in time!
Prevention: ________________________
If you are sexually active get a PAP test!!!
PAP detects abnormal cells which lead to cancer

19. IMMUNE RESPONSE

21. Vaccines
ACTIVE IMMUNITY: Stimulate the body to produce antibodies against the disease
2. PASSIVE IMMUNITY: antibodies are given from one individual to the other individual, usually temporary

22. Manipulating Viruses
E.g. herpes virus can be manipulated to only infect cancer cells
Nanotechnology or bioengineering: using viruses to deliver drugs

23. Follow-up with HW
Textbook Page # 30 Question # 1-4