1. Lecture 3 Narration (continued)

2. Outline 1. Objectives of Lecture 3. 2. Important aspects in narration writing. 3. Develop narrative essays. 4. Analyze students’ essays.

3. Objectives a. to realize the important aspects in writing a narrative essay. b. to know how to develop a narrative essay.

4. 1. The Important Aspects in Writing a Narrative Essay 1. Supporting info. 2. Connectors and time relationship words. 3. Sentence variety with time words.

5. Task 1 The following narrative essay is missing large parts of the story (supporting information in the body). As you read, add information that moves the story along. Be sure to write transition sentences at the end of paragraphs 2, 3, and 4. Be as creative as you like!

6. Connectors and Time Relationship Words Chronological Order Prepositions Time words That Begin Clauses first (second, etc.) after (a moment) after next at (9:00 a.m.) as soon as finally by (bedtime, then) before later during (the afternoon) (four weeks) later now until (five o’clock) from then on then when

7. Task 2 Adding connectors: Read the next essay. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate connector, or time relationship word or phrase. Refer to the above list.

8. Sentence Variety with Time Words 1) Follow the time word after with a noun. e.g. Marta studied engineering at the University of Charleston. She graduated in 1996. Then she got a job with Johnson and Rowe, a local engineering firm. → Marta studies engineering at the University of Charleston. After her graduation in 1996, she got a job with Johnson and Rowe, a local engineering firm.

9. Sentence Variety with Time Words 2) Follow after, before, while, and when with a gerund(verb-ing). e.g. a.) A rare golden Sitka spruce was cut down by unknown vandals. It had been growing for more than three hundred years. → After growing for more than three hundred years, a rare golden Sitka spruce was cut down by unknown vandals. b.) Joanna Cannon ran for mayor. She promised to lower property taxes. → While running for mayor, Joanna Cannon promised to lower property taxes.

10. Task 3 Read the following narrative essay. Then combine the sentences listed above the blanks into one sentence. Use the sentences in “Sentence Variety with Time Words” above as examples. Rewrite the sentences. You will not use all the words in the sentences when you combine them.

11. 2. Develop Narrative Essays A few strategies in particular can help you write and edit your narrative essay. 1) Choosing a topic 2) Brainstorming 3) Organizing your ideas 4) Making an outline 5) Editing

12. 3. Analyze Students Essays Task 4 Exercises for Narrative Essays

13. Homework 1) Rewrite your narrative essay. You should follow the principles we have discussed in our lectures. 2) Write a comparison and contrast essay. Suggested topics (next slide):

14. Suggested Topics for Writing:  1. Compare a book to its movie version, for example, Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë. How are the two alike and different? Are the characters and the plot the same? Do you like the movie or the book better, and why?  2. Compare the situation in a country before and after an important historical event, for example, China before 1978 and after 1978.  3. Discuss two kinds of music, such as classical and rock(or pop). A few points of comparison might be artists, instruments, audiences, and popularity.  4. Show how the world has changed since the invention of the airplane. How did people travel before its invention? How often did people travel? How far were they usually able to go and how long did it take to get there?  5. Show the similarities and differences in the ways that two cultures celebrate an important event such as a birthday, wedding, or funeral.