1. Bell Work Thursday 10/03 Look in your book beginning on page 263 to find the answers 1. Why is the Qur’an considered holy only when written in Arabic? 2. What is the sunna designed to show? 3.What does the shar’ia help regulate?

2. Beliefs and Practices of Islam Sunna- The model for proper living Shari’a- A body of law assembled from the teachings of the Qur’an and Sunna –Regulated family life, moral conduct, and business and community life

3. The Muslim World (Pt. 2) Chapter 10

4. Section 2-Islam Expands

5. Muhammad’s Successors Spread Islam Muslims wanted to carry on Islam but Muhammad had not named a successor –They were not sure how to choose a new leader

6. Muhammad’s Successors Spread Islam “Rightly Guided” Caliphs- –Caliph-Successor or deputy –After the prophets death many Muslims left Islam others rebelled Abu-Bakr-Friend of Muhammad and 1st Caliph used the Qur’an for guidance –Called for Jihad to justify and expand Islam

7. Muhammad’s Successors Spread Islam Umar- –Conquered Syria and lower Egypt and parts of the Sassanid Empire Uthman and Ali- –Continued expansion and by 750 the Muslim empire stretched 6,000 miles from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indus River Jihad- Striving (an inner struggle against evil)

8. Muhammad’s Successors Spread Islam Reasons for Success- –The four “Rightly Guided” Caliphs saw their victories as a sign of Allah’s support –By the time Muslim armies arrived the Byzantine and Sassanid armies were exhausted –Oppressed people welcomed the Muslims as “Liberators” –Islam was attractive and offered equality and hope Also Muslims did not have to pay a poll tax

9. Internal Conflict Creates a Crisis Sunni-Shi’s Split- –Shi’a- Party of Ali Believed that the Caliph should be a descendent of the prophet –Sunni- Followers of Muhammad’s example –Sufi- Rejected the luxury of the Umayyad’s life style instead they pursued poverty and spirituality

10. Section 3-Muslim Culture

11. Muslim Society Four Social Classes- –Upper Class- Muslims from birth –Second Class- Muslim converts –Third Class- The “Protected People” (Jews and Christians) –Lower Class- Slaves (all non-Muslim)

12. Muslim Society Role of Women- The Quran says “Men are the managers of the affairs of women” and “Righteous Women are Obedient” Men and women as believers are equal Shari’a granted rights –Marriage –Property –Family

13. Muslim Scholarship Extends Knowledge Reasons for supporting science and knowledge –Wanted skilled physicians to treat their ills –Used math and astronomy to calculate times of prayer –Even the Prophet Muhammad revered the power of learning

14. Muslim Scholarship Extends Knowledge Muslim Literature –The Qur’an is the most beautiful form of Arabic literature and poetry

15. Muslim Scholarship Extends Knowledge Muslim Art and Architecture- –Muslims also believed that only Allah could create living beings so they perfected calligraphy (hand drawings) Also used woodwork, glass, and ceramics