3. What is the Cold War?  Think, Pair, Share Activity  Independently THINK about what you know about the Cold War. Maybe key people, events, dates etc.  Pair up with the person next to you. Discuss what you know  Share with the classroom.

5. Crash Course  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9C72I SMF_D0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9C72I SMF_D0

6. United States v. Soviet Union  Allies against Germany in WWII The enemy of my enemy is my friend  America: Capitalist  Soviet Union: Communist  The two countries did not agree on most things VS.

8. Leaders  Truman: American President Conference in Potsdam, Germany as the newest member of the Big Three Angry when Stalin would not keep promise and allow democracy in the Soviet controlled parts of eastern Europe  Stalin: Communist leader of Soviet Union Wanted Communism to control all countries in his power; thought capitalism was wrong

9. Truman Stalin

10. United Nations  Representatives from many countries who became a peace keeping body. Goal to maintain global peace  The U.S. and U.S.S.R. use UN to promote their ideas to other countries and it made the Cold War worse

11. UN, 1945

12. Potsdam Conference  July 1945  Meeting between major countries involved in WWII  Stalin refused to allow democracy in countries he controlled  Truman knew that there would be trouble between the U.S. and U.S.S.R.  This was the start of the Cold War

13. ChurchillTrumanStalin

14. Tension Mounts  Satellite nations: Pro-communist governments controlled by the U.S.S.R Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Poland  Communism and Capitalism could not work together and another war was inevitable  Truman suggested Containment: stopping the spread of communism to other countries  “Iron Curtain”: the division between communist eastern Europe and capitalist western Europe

19. US Aims vs. Soviet Aims in Europe  Create a new world order: all countries to have self- determination  Gain access to raw materials and markets  Rebuild stable gov’ts in Europe and new markets for American goods  Reunite Germany so it would be more productive  Encourage communism in other countries  Rebuild eastern European countries hurt during the war  Control eastern Europe to balance US power in western Europe  Keep Germany divided so it would not get too powerful again

20. Containment  The name of the US foreign policy during the start of the Cold War  We did not want to let communism spread, we wanted to contain it

21. Truman Doctrine  The US would give money to Greece and Turkey so they could fight off any attempt at a Communist take-over

23. Marshall Plan  Sec. Of State Marshall’s plan to give aid to any country whose people were suffering from poverty after the war  1946-1947: a terrible winter made things even worse for people who were struggling to rebuild after WWII  This made the US look like heroes and communism did not spread in Western Europe

24. US and USSR fight over Germany

25. Fight over Germany  After WWII, Germany split into zones  Attempt to take over American controlled Berlin, Stalin closed off all access to the city  Berlin Airlift: 327 days of British and American planes flying over Berlin and dropping supplies to the people stuck in the city (food, fuel, medicine, Christmas presents, etc.)  By May 1949, Soviet Union admitted defeat and lifted the blockade

26. NATO  North Atlantic Treaty Organization  Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, United States, and Canada  A military alliance: All these countries agreed that they would defend each other if one was attacked  Greece, Turkey, and West Germany joined in the 1950s

28. NATO  It had a standing army of 500,000 troops so other countries did not want to attack members of NATO

29. Section 2

30. China Becomes a Communist Country  Chiang Kai-shek: nationalist leader supported by America ($3 billion)  Mao Zedong: Communist leader who led his side to victory and established a Communist government after the war  The nationalists led by Kai-shek fled to Taiwan;  America and the UN refused to accept the Peoples Republic of China (the communist government)

31. The Korean War  Japan controlled Korea 1910-1945  1945: Japan surrendered North of 38 th Parallel to Soviets and South of the 38 th to Americans  1950: N. Korea led a sneak attack on S. Korea  S. Korea asked UN for help; the Soviets boycotted the UN because Taiwan was recognized, not the P.R.C.  Truman sent troops from occupied Japan to Korea

32. The Korean War  16 nations sent 520,000 troops to help S. Korea (90% were American)  590,000 S. Korean troops  Troops led by Gen. Douglas MacArthur  The Chinese support the N. Koreans  Both sides fought to hold the 38 th Parallel 1951-1953: Peace talks last 2 years, war ends in stalemate  Account: http://books.google.com/books?id=NRt5lgErVJEC&lpg=PA203&ots=fYYO2M8zx4&dq=we%20were%20eyeball%20to%20eyeball...we%20couldn't%20m ove%20at%20all%20in%20the%20daytime%20without%20getting%20shot%20at&pg=PA203#v=onepage&q&f=true http://books.google.com/books?id=NRt5lgErVJEC&lpg=PA203&ots=fYYO2M8zx4&dq=we%20were%20eyeball%20to%20eyeball...we%20couldn't%20m ove%20at%20all%20in%20the%20daytime%20without%20getting%20shot%20at&pg=PA203#v=onepage&q&f=true

33. MacArthur vs. Truman  MacArthur wanted to wage full scale war against China  Truman refused to go along with this idea  MacArthur tried to go around Truman by talking to the media and other politicians  Truman fired MacArthur  MacArthur was a WWII hero and many people backed him – he came home to a hero’s welcome

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35. Fear of Communist Influence  Loyalty Review Board: a group that investigated gov’t workers and their possible disloyal behavior  1947-1951: 3.2 Million employees reviewed. Dismissed 212 as being security risks. 2,900 people resigned

36. Fear of Communist Influence  House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) – investigated communist activity in the movie industry Hollywood Ten: movie industry workers who refused to testify because of their civil liberties Blacklist: list of movie industry workers who were suspected communists who couldn’t get work

37. Spy Cases  The secret of how to make an Atomic Bomb had been leaked to the Soviets by spies  Alger Hiss: was accused of spying by a convicted spy, no hard evidence, was convicted of perjury and sent to jail Richard Nixon gained fame from prosecuting this case  Ethel and Julius Rosenberg: were implicated by a scientist of espionage (spying) and were sentenced to death even though they plead the 5 th Amendment during their trial

38. Joseph McCarthy  Senator from Wisconsin  Became famous for accusing suspected communists in the State Dept and eventually the U.S. Army Because he accused WWII hero’s, people had enough of his tactics and was disgraced

39. McCarthyism in 10 minutes  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ix5OS cqjpRo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ix5OS cqjpRo

40. 26-4

41. Brinkmanship  Our policy of being on the edge of all out war with the Soviets during the beginning of the Cold War  H-Bomb: hydrogen bomb; 67 times stronger than the A-Bomb dropped on Hiroshima  Dwight D. Eisenhower: President from 1953-1959  John Foster Dulles: Sec. of State under Eisenhower

42. Cold War Throughout the World  CIA: Central Intelligence Agency; investigated issues for the American government that occurred in other countries  Use of Spies to gather information  Installed governments

43. Warsaw Pact  Thawing of relations w/ Soviets after Stalin's Death- 1953  1955 West Germany joins NATO  Soviet Union Responds with Warsaw Pact  Military Alliance with 7 Eastern European countries- Buffer States

45. Suez War  1955; Egypt tried to play the Soviet Union and USA against each other for control over the Suez Canal  US discovers they were working w/ Soviets  Withdraw loan offer  Nationalize Suez Canal

46. Suez War  Egyptian Leader Gamal Abdel-Nasser wont allow ships to travel to Israel  British, French, and Israeli troops unite  UN resolved conflict, allowing all ships to pass through, however; Egypt continues to control canal

47. Eisenhower Doctrine  The US will defend the Middle East against any attempt at Communist take-over

48. Cold War / Space Race  Nikita Khrushchev: took over the Soviet Union after Stalin’s death in 1953  Sputnik: The Soviet launched satellite that orbited the earth This prompted America to invest heavily in our space program and science \ math in public schools  U-2 Incident: When Francis Gary Powers was shot down over the Soviet Union in his U2 spy plane