1. Day 1

2. Earth’s Structure Earth is composed of four layers:
Crust (outer layer): Thin and nearly all solid rock. Thickness of about 5-50 miles.
Mantle: Thickest layer, about 2,000 miles thick.
Outer Core: about 1,400 miles thick- it is all liquid.
Inner Core: Solid (due to high pressure). 750 miles thick.

4. A peach can be used as a model of the earth.
Think of a Peach…
A peach can be used as a model of the earth.
The skin= the crust.
The flesh= the mantle.
The pit= core.

5. Proposed the Theory of “continental drift” in 1912
Alfred Wegener
Proposed the Theory of “continental drift” in 1912
Alfred Wegener was curious. He looked at the shapes of continents and the locations of fossils to understand how continents were once connected.
When they are connected, they form a supercontinent. Alfred Wegener named this large continent “Pangaea.” .
Alfred Wegener
Over time, Pangaea split apart. Continents moved away from each other as the oceans between them grew wider. He called his theory, or idea, “Continental Drift.”

6. What is the theory of continental drift?
The idea that the continents were once all joined together in one super-continent called Pangaea and slowly moved to their current positions
Animated Plate Tectonic Reconstruction

7. Evidence of Pangaea
Continents look like they could be part of a giant jigsaw puzzle.
Plant and animal fossils found on the coastlines of different continents.
Measurements of movement
Rock layer sequences

8. Pangaea Demo
Brainpop

9. Day 2

10. What is Plate Tectonics?
The Earth's thin outer shell is broken into big pieces called tectonic plates.
Plates are slabs of Earth’s crust and upper mantle. These plates fit together like a puzzle, but they're not stuck in one place. They are floating on the Earth's mantle (a really thick layer of hot flowing rock).

11. The Theory of Plate Tectonics
The surface of the Earth is composed of about a dozen major rigid, moving crustal plates

12. What Causes the Plates to Move?
Convection- hot magma rises, cool magma sinks (like a lava lamp)

13. The flow of the mantle causes the plates to move in different directions.
Plates move around on top of the mantle like rafts.

14. When the edges of plates meet, three things can happen:
Divergent Boundaries: Group 1
Convergent Boundaries: Group 2
Sliding Boundaries: Group 3

15. Turn to page 209 in your textbook.
In Your Group…
Turn to page 209 in your textbook.
Find…
Characteristics of your boundary.
How it moves.
What kind of land formation occurs due to your boundary.
You will teach the class about your boundary.
You will also teach your classmates how your boundary moves, so come up with a movement to show how it moves!

16. Divergent Boundary: Plates move away from each other.
Melted rock rises up between the plates and forms new crust
Usually happens in the middle of the ocean floor.
Forms volcanoes and new crust

17. Examples:
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Iceland Ridge

18. Divergent (2nd flap) Forms… Volcanoes and New Crust
Example: Mid-Atlantic Ridge

19. Convergent Boundary
Convergent boundary occurs when two plates converge, or move toward each other.
They eventually collide.
One plate may ride up over the other, while the other plate is pushed under the surface.
There are three types of convergent boundaries.

20. Continental-Continental Boundary
Forms Mountains

21. Examples
The Appalachians
The Himalayas

22. Oceanic-Oceanic Boundary
Creates trenches (deep valleys)
Forms volcanoes
Ex) Aleutian Islands (Alaska)

23. Aleutian Islands, Alaska
Examples
Mt. Augustine, Alaska
Aleutian Islands, Alaska

24. Oceanic-Continental Boundary
Oceanic plate pushes down because it is more dense
Creates mountain ranges

25. Examples…
Andes mountains

26. Plates slide past each other in opposite directions.
Sliding Boundaries
Plates slide past each other in opposite directions.
Forms EARTHQUAKES

27. Fault line in Tennessee
Examples
Fault line in Tennessee
San Andreas Fault, CA

28. Animations