1. 9/11- Geo Engage
Write down 3 characteristics of the United States that you enjoy.
Think about things that you can do here that you may not be able to do in other countries.

2. Bell Ringer Take out a sheet of paper, put your name on it
Bell Ringer Take out a sheet of paper, put your name on it. Write your answer to the questions.
What type of tectonic activity made Hawaii?
What activity within the mantle causes plate movement?
What type of erosion created the Great Lakes?
What type of plate boundary is the San Andreas fault in California.
What type of external force of change carries away pieces of rock and creates sediment?

3. Forces of
Change

4. I. Earth's Structure

5. Earth is composed of 3 layers:
Core
Mantle
Crust

6. Core (inner & outer) – made of iron & nickel
a. inner – super hot solid
b. outer – super hot liquid
-temperatures can reach 8,000*F

7. -hot, dense mostly liquid rock
Mantle
-hot, dense mostly liquid rock
-pockets of magma (rise & fall)
-made of silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, and oxygen

8. Crust -rocky shell which forms earth’s surface
-broken into dozen slabs of rock called plate
-these plates carry oceans & continents

9. II. Plate Movement

10. -Continental Drift : *super-continent was called Pangaea

11. PANGEA

13. -Plate Tectonics – term to describe the activities of continental drift and magma flow which create many of Earth’s physical features
*plates crash into each other, pull apart, or grind and slide past each other (about 4 inches or less per year)

14. *creates continuous circular motion/movement
-Why do plates move?
-convection currents
*hotter material is less dense & rises (toward crust of Earth)
*cooler material is more dense & sinks (toward core of Earth)
*creates continuous circular motion/movement

15. Why might a scientist want to study plate tectonics?

16. III. Internal Forces of Change

17. Divergent Boundary -Plates move apart (rift) from each other (tension)
1. Continental-Continental = creates gap (rift valley) in which water can flow in
*ex: Red Sea; Great Rift Valley

20. *example: Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Oceanic-Oceanic = magma rises up & creates new crust on edges of the 2 plates
-enlarges the ocean floor & forms underwater mountain ranges called ocean ridges
*example: Mid-Atlantic Ridge

23. Convergent Boundary In general:
Plates move toward each other & collide (compression)
One plate is forced below the other (subduction)

24. Oceanic-Continental
-subduction occurs = heavier sea plate dives beneath lighter continental plate
*sea plate begins to melt into magma  pressure builds  magma bursts thru crust to form volcanic mtns
*ex: Andes Mountains in S.

26. Oceanic- Oceanic
-subduction
occurs
*sea plate begins to melt & magma rises to ocean surface in form of volcanic islands
*example: Philippine islands-

28. Continental- Continental
-pressure builds until one plate is subducted
*sometimes sinking plate melts & rises as volcanic mountains are formed
*example: Himalaya mountains

30. Transform Boundary
-Plates slide past each other along faults (cracks in the earth’s crust)
- Crust is pulled and stretched (tension) until tension is released (Earthquake)

31. -example: San Andreas Fault in California

34. HOT SPOTS -Magma rises thru the tectonic plate
-The magma erupts on the surface as lava & hardens to form volcanic islands

35. Earthquakes & Tsunamis
Animations
Hot Spot
Earthquakes & Tsunamis

36. Guess the Tectonic Activity!

37. Oceanic-Oceanic Convergent

38. Oceanic-Oceanic Divergent

39. Transform

40. Continental-Continental Convergent

41. Continental-Continental Divergent

42. Oceanic-Continental Convergent