1. Regional review 3500 BCE - 1450

2. Region 3500-600 BCE 600 BCE – AD 600 600-1450

3. West Asia/Middle East 3500-600 BCE Mesopotamia – Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Hittites, Persians Phoenicians, Hebrews Egyptians 600 BCE – AD 600 Persians (Achaemenid, Sassanid) Roman territories- Byzantine territories 600-1450 Umayyad & Abbasid Caliphate Seljuk Turks Mongols – Timur - Ottomans

4. South Asia 3500-600 Indus – Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro Indo-European invasions Aryan Vedic Age– jana-rajyapada (regional Kingdoms) Hindu & Caste foundations 600-600 Alexander the Great – Hellenistic Mauryan Empire Gupta Empire 600-1450 Political Fragmentation Delhi Sultanate – North (Islam) Hindu Temple Economy Merchant Guilds Indian Ocean Trade

5. East Asia 3500-600 BCE Huang He Valley – Shang & Zhou Warring States period 100 Schools of Thought Mandate 0f Heaven, Dynastic Cycle 600 BCE – AD 600 Qin Legalism – Shi Huangdi Han Confucianism–Silk Road Daoism – private lives Crisis of Late Antiquity -Buddhism 600-1450 Sui unification, Tang–warrior aristocrats, urban, Song – technological development Mongol – Yuan Dynasty Korea – Bridge, Japan - Feudalism

6. Eastern Europe 3500- 600 BCE Minoan, Mycenae Phoenician colonies 600 BCE – AD 600 Ancient Greece - Balkans Roman Territories Byzantium -Constantinople Strategic position on straits Byzantine Empire - Justinian Eastern Orthodox Christianity 600-1450 Kiev – Cyrillic Alphabet Mongols- Golden Horde Development of modern Russia- Muscovy

7. Western Europe 3500- 600 BCE Phoenician & Greek colonies Tiber River Valley – Rome Etruscans 600 BCE – AD 600 Roman Republic – Empire Punic Wars, Mare Nostrum Huns – Visigoths, Vandals, Lombards 600- 1450 Merovingian, Carolingian-Charlemagne Roman Catholicism–power,corruption Feudalism (Social, Political) Manorialism High Middle Ages (Crusades) Late Middle Age (Crises)

8. Sub-Saharan Africa 3500-600 BCE Bantu Migrations Diffusion of people & technology 600 BCE – AD 600 Jenne-Jeno – innovative site – West Africa, Tribalism, Animism Diffusion sites (Kush, Axum- Christian) 600-1450 West Africa –Gold for Salt trade Ghana, Mali, Songhai East Africa - Indian Ocean Trading city-state Islam - Swahili

9. Americas Innovative sites No large draft animals Slower Development Meso-America Olmecs, Mayas, Teotihuacán Slash & Burn agriculture Foundation for Aztecs South America Chavin Cult, Mochica State Mountains Need for interdependence Foundation for Incas