1. Structuring and Outlining Your Speech
Pages
Develop simple, well ordered, balanced speeches
Construct and outline body of your speeches
Plan transitions
Prepare effective introductions and conclusions
Prepare a final outline

2. Well Structured Speech: Simplicity
Limit the number of main ideas
Order your ideas into main points and sub points
Repeat Key Points for emphasis
Preview message in the intro, repeat in the body, and review in the conclusion
Main Points
Use simple, direct statements

3. Well structured speech: Order
Open by introducing message and guiding your audience
Main ideas develop the message
Should be organized in some design (cause-effect, categorical, narrative...)
End by summarizing the meaning of what you said
Start with body, then write intro/conclusion

4. Well Structured Speech: Balance
Body should be the longest part
Develop your message in full
Balance development of main points
Equal, descending, ascending emphasis (pg199)
Intro/Conclusion should be brief and about the same length

5. Design Options (Informative) pg 328
Categorical: main points arranged by natural divisions/categories
We organize info how it makes sense to us,
By patterns within or patterns we create.
Each category becomes a main point.
Very effective for informative speeches.

6. Design Options (Informative) pg 329
Comparative: compares different ideas to show differences and/or similarities.
For example, comparing current events to past events.
Literal vs. figurative analogy
Subjects compared from the same field of experience vs. different fields of experience.
Example:
literal analogy= Saudi and American foods
figurative analogy= healthy eating/body and good car maintenance

7. Design Options (Informative) pg 330
Spatial: ideas developed in a physical setting.
Main Points organized how they appear in physical space.
Starting point, take listener’s on a journey to a destination.
Each point should receive equal attention for well-balanced speech.
Great to describe locations, travel, cities…

8. Design Options (Informative) pg 331
Sequential: steps of a process in the order they should be followed.
“How to” speeches
Steps are main points (no more than 5 steps)
You walk your listeners through the process.

9. Design Options (Informative) pg 332
Chronological: explains events/history in the order that it happened.
Start from past and move to present, or present to past.
Be selective, mention only key events that explain your topic.

10. Design Options (Informative) pg 333
Causation: discusses the origins or consequences of a situation or event.
(cause effect or effect  cause)
Main points focus on topic how/why it exists or what the results may be.
Major causes or consequences become the main points.

11. Which design to use… Design When to use… Spatial
To describe position, location in physical setting or environment; Orderly “oral tour”
Sequential
To describe time/process or series of steps; “how to”
Chronological
To discuss history, moments/events in historical development
Categorical
To discuss in logical categories, natural divisions.
Comparative
To describe by comparison to something else. Good for new/difficult info, audience can understand by comparing to something they already know.
Causation
To describe using causes or consequences. May be used to explain the present situation or predict future possibilities.