1. Biotechnology Intro & Gel Electrophoresis

2. DNA Forensics
Based on what you know (from T.V., reading, or other sources), how do forensic scientists use DNA to solve crimes? Use your knowledge of DNA and base sequences to formulate your answer. Answer in complete sentences! Sentence starter: Forensic scientists may use DNA to solve crimes by…

3. What does…
BIO- mean?
TECHNOLOGY?
SO….

4. What is BIOtechnology Anyway????
Manipulating living organisms using various types of technology to produce more useful qualities:
Using better genes and traits
Allows the best or desired traits to be expressed.

5. Research in Biotechnology
Help humans create crops that can be frost resistant
Use transgenic organisms to help medical researchers model human physiology for testing
Help industryto create bacteria to break downpollutants into harmless products
Pharmaceutical companies use recombinant DNA to cheaply produce human hormones (insulin) and other proteins
Help solve crimes and determine familial relationships

6. One of the ways is the same way Maury tests for the father…

7. Gel Electrophoresis
A method used in biochemistry and molecular biology to separate DNA or RNA molecules by size to compare DNA data.

8. Also known as… A DNA Fingerprint
DNA Fingerprinting/Gel Electrophoresis:
Copy these Questions:
Write the steps used in Gel electrophoresis: 
Where would you find the shortest stand of DNA? 
What causes the fragments on DNA to move?

9. What can this be used for?
Paternity Tests
Who is the father?
Familial Relationships
Who is the mother?
Who are the siblings, cousins, grandparents, etc.?
Evolutionary Relationships
How closely related are two organisms (humans & apes)?
Crime Scene Investigations
Who committed the crime?

10. Gel Electrophoresis

11. Basic Steps.. Extract DNA sample
2. Cut DNA into smaller pieces using Restriction Enzymes
3. Put the smaller DNA fragments into the Gel Tray
4. Use a Charge to separate the pieces of DNA
5. fAnalyze the DNA fragments

12. Goal of Gel Electrophoresis
The process of Gel Electrophoresis works to separate and analyze DNA fragments according to their size & shape.
2. In order to cut the DNA into fragments, restriction enzymes are used.
These are specific enzymes (proteins) that recognize specific sequences of DNA and then cut it in half.

13. Goal of Gel Electrophoresis
3. Samples of DNA fragments are loaded onto a GEL ELECTROPHORESIS.
4. DNA fragments move in the Gel due to opposite charges (DNA is negatively charged)
The SMALL strands move further down the Gel than the LARGER strands of DNA.
Since they are larger and heavier, the LARGER strands do not move as far down the Gel

14. Goal of Gel Electrophoresis
5. The groups of DNA fragments show up as small lines in the Gel 6. Now a DNA FINGERPRINT is created, which can be analyzed.

15. What can this be used for?
Paternity Tests
Who is the father?
Familial Relationships
Who is the mother?
Who are the siblings, cousins, grandparents, etc.?
Evolutionary Relationships
How closely related are two organisms (humans & apes)?
Crime Scene Investigations
Who committed the crime?

16. Let’s Take a look…

17. Check Point Write the steps used in Gel electrophoresis:
2. Where would you find the shortest stand of DNA?
3. What causes the fragments on DNA to move?

18. Gel Electrophoresis

19. Gel Electrophoresis
Gel Electrophoresis

20. Gel Electrophoresis

21. DNA fingerprinting applications

22. Sample Problems

23. Practice Blood on Knife Victim Suspect A Suspect B ____ ____ ____
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24. Practice