1. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th1

2. 321450 Management of Information Technology Chapter 6 Chapter 6 IT Infrastructure and Platforms Asst. Prof. Wichai Bunchua E-mail : wichai@buu.ac.th http://www.informatics.buu.ac.th/~wichai

3. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th3 IT Infrastructure and business capabilities

4. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th4 IT Infrastructure and business capabilities The services a firm is capable of providing to its customers, suppliers, and employees are a direct function of its infrastructure This infrastructure should support the firm’s information systems strategy New information technologies have a powerful impact on business and IT strategies, as well as the services that can be provided to customers

5. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th5 IT Infrastructure? What is IT Infrastructure? IT Infrastructure is the shared technology resources that provided the platform for the firm’s specification information system applications IT Infrastructure includes hardware, software, and services that are shared across the entire firm

6. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th6 IT Infrastructure? IT Infrastructure is a set of firmwide services budgeted by management and comprising both human and technical capabilities These services include Computing platforms Telecommunication services Data management services (cont.)

7. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th7 IT Infrastructure? (cont.) Data management services Application software services Physical facilities management services IT management services IT standard services IT education services IT research and development services

8. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th8 Levels of IT Infrastructure Firm infrastructure is organized at 3 major levels Public Enterprise Business There may be other low levels Departments Individual employees

9. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th9 Levels of IT Infrastructure

10. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th10 Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950- The IT infrastructure in organizations today is an outgrowth of over 50 years of evolution in computing platforms We identified five stages in this evolution, each representing a different configuration of computing power and infrastructure elements

11. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th11 Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950- The five eras are l Automated special-purpose machines l General-purpose mainframe and minicomputer computing l Personal computers l Client/server networks l Enterprise and Internet computing

12. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th12 Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950- Electronic Accounting Machine Era: 1930- 1950 l Sort computer cards into bins, accumulate totals, and print reports. l Large and cumbersome l Programs were hardwired into circuit boards l No programmers l Human machine operators are operating system, controlling all system resources.

13. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th13 Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950- General-purpose mainframe and minicomputer Era: 1959 to present l UNIVAC - first commercial all-electronic vacuum tube computer in 1950s l IBM 1401 and 7090 transistorized machines named mainframe in 1959 l IBM 360 series - first commercial computer with powerful operating system providing time sharing, multitasking, and virtual memory in 1965 l (cont.)

14. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th14 Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950- General-purpose mainframe and minicomputer Era: 1959 to present (cont.) l Today IBM mainframe can work with a wide variety of different manufacturers’ computers and multiple OS on client/server networks and Internet technology standard l DEC introduced minicomputer PDP-11 in 1965 and later VAX machines - powerful machines at far lower prices than IBM mainframes

15. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th15 Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950- Fig 6-3 a

16. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th16 Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950- Personal Computer Era: 1981 to present l First truly personal computer MIT’s Altair, and Apple I and II appeared in 1970s l IBM PC in 1981 credited as beginning of PC era because it was widely adopted in American businesses l First using DOS operating system, later Microsoft Windows l Wintel PC computer became the standard desktop personal computer

17. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th17 Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950- Personal Computer Era: 1981 to present (cont.) l Today, 95% of world’s estimated 1 billion computers used Wintel standard l Since 1981, PC software productivity as word processors, spreadsheet, presentation and small data management were valuable to both home and corporate users l These PCs were standalone until PC operating system made it possible to link into networks

18. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th18 Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950- Client/server Era: 1983 to present l In client/server computing, desktop or laptop called clients are networked to server that provided the client with a variety of services and capabilities l A client is the user point of entry, server provides communication among the clients, processes and stores shared data, serves up Web pages, or manages network activities

19. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th19 Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-

20. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th20 Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950- Client/server Era: 1983 to present (cont.) l The term server refers to both the software application and the physical computer on which the network software runs l The server could be a mainframe or PC often using multiple processors

21. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th21 Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950- Client/server Era: 1983 to present (cont.) l Simple client/server architecture - two tiered l Multitiered or N-tier l Novell Netware was the leading technology at the beginning l Today Microsoft Windows Server controls 78% of LAN market

22. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th22 Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950- Fig 6-4

23. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th23 Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950- Enterprise Internet Era: 1992 to present l In early 1990s, firms turned to networking standards and software tools and could integrate disparate networks into an enterprise infrastructure l In 1995 Internet was developed using TCP/IP l IT infrastructure links different types and brands of hardware and small networks into enterprise-wide network

24. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th24 Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950- Fig 6-3 c

25. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th25 Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950- Enterprise Internet Era: 1992 to present (cont.) l IT infrastructure links different types and brands of hardware and small networks into enterprise-wide network l Enterprise networks link mainframes, servers, PCs, mobile phones, and other handheld devices, and connect to public infrastructures such as the telephone system, the Internet and public network services.

26. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th26 Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950- Table 6-1a

27. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th27 Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950- Table 6-1b

28. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th28 Technology Drivers of Infrastructure Evolution The changes in IT infrastructure have resulted from developments in l Computer processing and memory chips l Storage devices l Telecommunications and networking hardware and software l Software design l Having exponentially increased computing power while reducing costs

29. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th29 Technology Drivers of Infrastructure Evolution

30. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th30 Technology Drivers of Infrastructure Evolution Moore’s Law and Microprocessing Power l Gordon Moore, the director of Fairchild Semiconductor’s Research and Development Laboratory l In 1965, Moore wrote in Electronic magazine that “since the first microprocessor chip was introduced in 1959, the number of components on a chip had doubled each year” (later reduced to two years)

31. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th31 Technology Drivers of Infrastructure Evolution Moore’s Law and Microprocessing Power l Later this became the foundation of Moore’s Law l This law would be interpreted in 3 variations 1. The power of microprocessor doubles every 18 months 2. Computing power doubles every 18 months 3. The price of computing falls by half every 18 months

32. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th32 Technology Drivers of Infrastructure Evolution Moore’s Law and Microprocessing Power l Fig 6-5

33. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th33 Technology Drivers of Infrastructure Evolution Moore’s Law and Microprocessing Power l Fig 6-5

34. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th34 Falling Cost of Chips Law of Mass Digital Storage l Fig 6-8

35. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th35 Technology Drivers of Infrastructure Evolution Law of Mass Digital Storage l The world produces as much as 5 exabytes (a billion GB) of unique information per year. The amount of information is roughly doubling every year l Almost all of this information growth involves magnetic storage of digital data, and printed document account for only 0.003% of the annual growth

36. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th36 Technology Drivers of Infrastructure Evolution Law of Mass Digital Storage l Fortunately, the cost of storing digital information is falling at an exponential rate l Beginning Seagate506 in 1980 had 5 MB memory has grown at compound annual rate of 25% in early year to over 60% a year since 1990 l Fig 6-9 shows number of KB can store on magnetic disk for one dollar from 1950 to 2004 roughly doubled every 15 months

37. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th37 Technology Drivers of Infrastructure Evolution Law of Mass Digital Storage l Fig 6-9

38. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th38 Technology Drivers of Infrastructure Evolution

39. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th39 Infrastructure Components IT infrastructure today is composed of 7 major components l Computer Hardware Platforms l Operating System Platforms l Enterprise Software Applications l Data Management and Storage l Network/Telecommunications Platforms l Internet Platforms l Consultants and System Integrators

40. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th40 Infrastructure Components

41. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th41 IT Infrastructure and Platforms End of Part a (Cont.)

42. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th42 Questions?Questions?

43. 20 October 2010wichai@buu.ac.th43 ส วั ส ดี