5. THE STRUCTURE OF A MOOD The Structure of a Mood

6. FUNCTIONS OF EMOTIONS  Emotions and Rationality :- Emotions are critical to rational thought: they help in understanding the world around us.  Evolutionary Psychology:- Theory that emotions serve an evolution purpose: helps in survival of the gene pool. The theory is not universally accepted

7. SOURCES OF EMOTIONS AND MOOD PERSONALITY Moods and emotions have a trait component: most people have built-in tendencies to experience certain moods and emotions more frequently than others do. People also experience the same emotions with different intensities. Contrast Arsenal coach Arsene Wenger to Microsoft CEO Bill Gates. One is easily moved to anger, while the other is relatively distant and unemotional. Wenger and Gates probably differ in affect intensity, or how strongly they experience their emotions. affect intensity, or how strongly they experience their emotions. Affectively intense people experience both positive and negative emotions more deeply: when they’re sad, they’re really sad, and when they’re happy, they’re really happy.

8. DAY OF WEEK AND TIME OF DAY More positive interactions are likely to occur mid-day and later in the week.

9. WEATHER No impact according to research. STRESS Increased stress worsens mood. Social Activities Physical, informal, and epicurean activities increase positive mood. Sleep Lack of sleep increases negative emotions and impairs decision making.

10. MORE SOURCES EXERCISE o Mildly enhances positive mood. AGE o Older people experiences negative emotions less frequently. GENDER o Women show greater emotional expression, experience emotions more intensely and display more frequent expressions of emotions. o Could be due to socialization.

11. EMOTIONAL LABOUR An employee’s expression of organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work. Emotional dissonance is when an employee has to project one emotion while simultaneously feeling another.

12. FELT VS. DISPLAYED EMOTIONS  Felt Emotions:- the individual’s actual emotions.  Displayed Emotions:- the learned emotions that the organization requires workers to show and considers appropriate in a given job. Surface Acting is hiding one’s true emotions Deep Acting is trying to change one’s feelings based on display rules.

13. EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE(EI) A person’s ability to: Be self-aware (to recognize his or her own emotions as experienced) Detect emotions in others, and Manage emotional cues and information. Moderately associated with high job performance  The ability, capacity, or skill to perceive, assess, and manage the emotions of oneself, of others, and of groups.

14. EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON TRIAL The case for:-  Intuitive appeal – it makes sense  EI predicts criteria that matter –positively correlated to high job performance  Study suggests that EI is neurologically based The case against:-  EI is too vague a concept  EI can’t be measured  EI is so closely related to intelligence and personality that it is not unique when those factors are controlled

15. OB APPLICATIONS OF EMOTIONS AND MOODS  Selection – Employers should consider EI a factor in hiring for jobs that demand a high degree of social interaction.  Decision Making – Positive emotions can increase problem-solving skills and help us understand and analyze new information.  Creativity – Positive moods and feedback may increase creativity.

16. MORE OB APPLICATIONS OF EMOTIONS AND MOODS Motivation – Promoting positive moods may give a more motivated workforce Leadership – Emotions help convey messages more effectively Negotiation – Emotions may impair negotiator performance Customer Service – Customers “catch” emotions from employees, called emotional contagion

17. KEEP IN MIND…  Positive emotions can increase problem-solving skills.  People with high EI may be more effective in their jobs.  Managers need to know the emotional norms for each culture they do business with.

18. HOW CAN MANAGERS INFLUENCE MOODS? o Use humor to lighten the moment. o Give small tokens of appreciation. o Stay in a good mood themselves – lead by example. o Hire positive people.