1. Chapter 1: Plants and Their Parts
Aim: What are Plant characteristics?

2. Plant Characteristics
Plants have leaves, branches, stems or trunks, roots
Cells contain chlorophyll
Aids in making food
Makes plants green
Cells work together to keep the plant alive
Plants are made up of different kinds of cells

3. Each cell has a different job to keep the plant alive
Example: Cells in stems, branches, and roots form tubes through which the food and water are transported through the plant
Groups of cells are organized into tissues
Example: “strings” in celery
All plants have a cell wall

4. Aim: What are the parts of the plant cell?

6. Parts of Plant Cell
Cell wall
Rigid structure surrounding the plant cell
Provides support and protection
2. Cell Membrane
Holds the cell together
3. Chloroplast
Contains chlorophyll

7. Stores food, water and wastes 5. Mitochondrion Gives the cell energy
4. Vacuole
Stores food, water and wastes
5. Mitochondrion
Gives the cell energy
6. Nucleus
Cell control center
Directs everything the cell does

8. Aim: What is the difference between vascular and nonvascular plants?

9. Classification of Plants
Plants are classified based on characteristics
Two Major Groups:
Vascular Plants
Tubes transport water and food
Tubes are called vascular tissue
Examples:
Trees
Ferns

10. 2. Nonvascular Plants
do not have tubes
Examples:
Mosses
liverworts

11. Aim: What are the divisions of the Plant Kingdom?

12. The smaller the group, the more closely related the plants.
The larger the group, the least alike they are.
Vascular Plants
Divided into two divisions
Seedless Vascular Plant
Examples: horsetails, ferns
Seed Plants
Examples: conifers, flowering plants

13. Aim: Why are animals different from plants?

14. Animals Cannot make their own food Can move from one place to another
All animals are grouped in the Animal Kingdom
Two Major Groups: (Phylum)
Invertebrates
Don’t have backbones
Vertebrates
Have backbones
There are classes within each group

15. Classes Fish Sponges Birds Flatworms Reptiles Sea Anemones Amphibians
Invertebrates
Vertebrates
Fish
Birds
Reptiles
Amphibians
Mammals
Sponges
Flatworms
Sea Anemones
Crustaceans

17. Animal Cell Has some of the same parts of a plant cell
Vacuole
Mitochondrion
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Does not have a cell wall
Does not have chloroplast and chlorophyll

18. Aim: What are the other kingdoms of living things?

19. Fungus Kingdom May be one-celled or many celled
Doesn’t make food like plants
Doesn’t eat food like animals
Absorbs food from dead organisms and environmental wastes
Grows in damp places

20. 3 Groups of Fungi
Yeasts, morels, mildews
Molds
Mushrooms, smuts, rusts

21. Uses of Fungi Some have great flavors
Some contain chemicals to help fight diseases
Help bread to rise
yeast
Fungi in soil break down decaying plants and animals

22. Dangers of Some Fungi Some are poisonous Can cause athlete’s foot
Spoil food
Coat bathroom tiles and walls with smelly black or white fuzz
mold

23. Protist Kingdom Some microscopic Some single-celled
Most live in water and others on land
Some search for food
Some contain chlorophyll and make their own food
Example: algae

24. All have nucleus, surrounded by a membrane 5 groups of Protists
Slime molds
Diatoms
Dinoflagellates
Green algae
Euglenas

25. Bacteria Kingdom Single-celled organisms with no nucleus Microscopic
Some cause disease
Some are needed for animals and plants to survive
Some group together in clusters

26. 2 kingdomsof Bacteria
Ancient Bacteria
One kind lives in cows to help digest the grass
True Bacteria
Some cause disease
Strep throat
pneumonia
Some found in spoiled food

27. Aim: How do roots, stems and leaves help plants survive?
Point of view writing; pick part of plant; need to include 3 facts about part; function; 2 paragraphs

28. Roots Some roots are food Beets, carrots, sweet potatoes
Anchor plant to ground
Some plants have root-like structures to anchor them (mosses)
Draw up water and minerals from soil
Store food

29. Stems Support leaves and flowers Help leaves receive sun
Hold transportation system
Phloem-moves food from leaves to other parts
Xylem-moves water and minerals from roots
Cambium-separates phloem and xylem

30. Leaves Come in all shapes and sizes Makes food
Cells contain chloroplasts
Need sunlight, water, minerals and CO2 to make food
Some leaves protect the plant
Spines on cactus
Store food
Help roots take in water- transpiration

31. Aim: What are the parts of plant roots?

32. Parts of the Root
Xylem:
Tissue through which water and minerals flow up through the plant
Cortex:
Stores food
Located just inside the Epidermis
Epidermis
Outermost layer of a root, stem or leaf

33. 4. Root Cap:
Protects the root tip as it grows in the soil
5. Root Hairs:
Threadlike particles on the surface of root
Water and minerals enter through the hairs
6. Cambium:
Separates the xylem from phloem
new xylem and phloem grow
7. Phloem:
Tissue which transports food from leaves to plant

34. Aim: How do stems differ?

35. Some are soft and delicate
Some are hard and tough
Woody stems covered by bark
Some stems store food for the plant
Example: potato
Cactus stem stores water
Some stems help make the plant’s food
Example: asparagus
Strawberry stems grow along the ground

36. Aim: What are the parts of the leaf?

37. Parts of a Leaf Epidermis: outermost layer of the leaf
Cuticle: secreted by the epidermis
Keeps water from leaving the plant
Chloroplasts:
green food factories
Stomata:
tiny pores in which air enters
Guard Cells:
open and close each stomata

38. Aim: What is the difference between photosynthesis and respiration?

39. Photosynthesis Plants use light energy to make food
Sunlight strikes the leaf and chlorophyll helps the plant make its food
Chloroplasts have CO2 and water which change into sugar and oxygen, with the help of the sunlight
The sugar is transported through the veins to other parts of the plants

40. Animals need oxygen to breath Plants need the CO2 released by animals
Respiration
Animals need oxygen to breath
Plants need the CO2 released by animals
Plants and animals use oxygen to break down sugar to produce energy, water, and CO2
Rest of chapter did workbook pages. Skipped pg A26, A38