1. Musical Texture (Harmony), Form, and Style
How musical lines interact

2. What is Musical Texture (Harmony)?
Musical Texture refers to a number of different characteristics of music
Texture is the number of ________ __________
It refers to whether each line is a ______ or ________ part
_________ refers to how each part relates to each other
Can be described as _____, _____, _____, _____
Variations in texture can create _______and drama
We will look at three basic textures (harmonies)
Monophonic
Polyphonic
Homophonic

3. Monophonic Texture- “One Sound”
__________ means that there is one melodic line with no harmony or accompaniment
If multiple voices or instruments are playing in ________, it is still Monophonic
Examples of monophonic music
Singing a solo a capella (Whitney Houston, “I Will Always Love You”
Gregorian chant
____________ instrumental sonatas (Baroque)

4. Polyphonic Music- “Many Sounds”
Polyphonic means that there are ____ or _____ melodic lines of _______ importance
Technique of writing several melodic lines that interact is called _____________
Often uses _________, which is when one voice or instrument presents a melodic idea, then another voice repeats it
Not always exact imitation
Examples of polyphonic music
_______, fugues, (Little Fugue in G minor ) and canons (Pachelbel’s Canon in D)
__________ ________

5. Homophonic Music- “Same Sounds”
Homophonic means there is one main _____ with a less important accompaniment
Accompaniment could be as simple as ______, or it could be more complex
If a line in the accompaniment starts to stand out and become more important, then the texture changes to __________
Examples of ___________ music
Melody and accompaniment (Alan Jackson – “The Old Rugged Cross”)
Traditional hymn arrangements (Traditional – “The Old Rugged Cross”)
Homophonic writing using chords

6. Farandole by Georges Bizet
Has two themes: a _____ theme and a ____ theme
Starts with the march theme in a ____________ texture, then then violins and violas play a _____________ section (fugue like)
The high woodwinds then play the dance theme in a _______________ texture
After the full orchestra plays the dance theme, the strings play a ____________ version of the march theme
Listen for other changes in texture

7. “Hallelujah” by Georg Frideric Handel
Switches rapidly between all three textures
Word “Hallelujah” is usually homophonic, with some imitative polyphony
“For the Lord God omnipotent reigneth” is usually monophonic
“And he shall reign” is always polyphonic
Changes in texture create _______ for each section of the piece

8. MUSICAL FORM Three techniques that create Form Repetition Contrast
Allows the listener to become familiar with a ______ or ______
Often used with another technique
Contrast
Can be a change in an _______________, i.e. melody, rhythm, harmony, dynamics, tempo, timbre; mood can be changed as well
Variation
________ of a musical idea so it’s different but still recognizable
Entire pieces can be composed using this technique
Example – Variation on America by Charles Ives
Listen and Illustrate the “Theme and Variation” sections in the “Variations on America” (next page)

9. Illustrate (“Variations on America”)
Listen and Illustrate the “Theme and Variation” sections in the “Variations on America”

10. Two Major types of Form _________Form
Two sections: A B
Can be looked at as a ____________ of a _______ and then a counterstatement with a different theme.
Any section can be repeated
Example: “Gavotte from French Suite NO. 5 in G Major” By Johanne Sebastian Bach
See next page for Listening Outline

11. Listening Outline (to be read while music is heard)
Listen and Illustrate the two sections in “Gavotte” by Bach

12. Illustrate “Dance of the Reeds” (from the Nutcracker)
Show the form through your illustration incorporating repetition and contrast

13. Two Major types of Form _________ Form
Three sections: A B A
Can be looked at as a ________ of a ______, a _________ ___________, and a return to the ______________
Each section can also be subdivided, as well
Example: Dance of the Reed Pipes from The Nutcracker Suite- By Peter Tchaikovsky
A section introduces the melody
B section uses the trumpets and strings to vary the melody
Return to the A section with the flutes
Listen and Illustrate the three sections in the “Dance of the Reed Pipes” (on next page)

14. Two Part Songs – Verse/Chorus
Two part songs are _____. _______ music, _________ music, ____________ _________, and ______ _______are a few examples that follow the pattern of two parts utilizing a Verse/Chorus (Refrain) pattern.
Selena Gomez “Bang a Drum
Tim McGraw “Live Like You Were Dying”
Michael W. Smith – “Friends”

15. Rondo
Rondo is a __ or __ part song that alternates between the beginning ‘A’ section with other __________ sections ‘B’ and/or ‘C’. The ‘A’ section is the unifying _______ that holds the piece together.
5 part Rondo pattern – ABACA
7 Part Rondo pattern – ABACABA
Which pattern does the following selection follow?
Mozart – “Turkish March”

16. Theme and Variations
___________ of the same melodic theme through out a musical composition.
Composition begins with a statement of the _____ idea
Each new part will use one or more _____ ______ to “____” or change this melodic idea without losing the theme
Listen to “American Salute” by Morton Gould
based on a ____ ____ tune “When Johnny Comes Marching Home”
Determine how many variations you year and complete one of the following for each variation:
Draw pictures to show the change in the variations as you hear them
Label and describe each new variation as you hear it

17. Theme and Variations
Use this page to illustrate or label and describe the variations heard in “American Salute” by Morton gould

18. Musical Style
____- a characteristic way of using melody, rhythm, harmony, dynamics, timbre, texture, and form.
Particular combinations create a _________ sound
_________ from the same area, time, or country often use similar styles
Musical styles change _______ ______ , but it is often gradual

19. Eras of Western Art Music
Middle Ages ( )
Renaissance ( )
Baroque ( )
Classical ( )
Romantic ( )
Twentieth Century to 1945
1945 to the Present