1. International Symposium on Sustainable Cities Water and sanitation in urban areas in Madagascar Lovy Rasolofomanana Country Representative WaterAid in Madagascar

2. International Symposium on Sustainable Cities Key points 1.Overview of urban contexts 2.Opportunities and threats 3.WaterAid WASH Programme 4.Lessons learnt

3. International Symposium on Sustainable Cities Factual data 1.1/3 of households live in urban areas, the half after decades 2.Urban areas provide ¾ of GDP 3.Vulnerability factors 4.Politic instability

4. International Symposium on Sustainable Cities Opportunities and threats 1.Big consumer markets 2.Precarious habitat and infrastructures 3.No clear responsibility sharing between local and central levels 4.Visible inequalities 5.Decreasing capacity of Water Utility to deliver

5. International Symposium on Sustainable Cities WaterAid Madagascar works in urban areas 1.Support water utility and private sector to set up and operate water services 2.Develop basic sanitation services for families and communities 3.Hygiene promotion 4.Policy reforms and institutional arrangements

6. International Symposium on Sustainable Cities Policy reforms and institutional arrangements Urban spatial planning to tackle WASH challenges : WASH issues are addressed in considering the whole urbanisation challenge An agreement around a long- term vision for WASH service sustainability A cost-effective and viable alternative solutions Strategic planning and actionable solution based on participatory diagnosis

7. International Symposium on Sustainable Cities Water services : kiosks Water utility subcontracts the operation and maintenance of public tap to a user association or private sector operator.Price -per- bucket: 1 cents to 2.5 cents $ among different tapsWater utility subcontracts the operation and maintenance of public tap to a user association or private sector operator. Price -per- bucket: 1 cents to 2.5 cents $ among different taps Operation, maintenance and Using local taxes for extension of the networksOperation, maintenance and Using local taxes for extension of the networks

8. International Symposium on Sustainable Cities Sanitation marketing Consistent formative research was conducted, including baseline, population classification, sources and amounts of household monthly income, willingness to pay for a latrine, and local needs in technology, etc. Development of Sanmark strategy : 5 Ps. Raise awareness on hygienic latrine, “triggering” sessions aimed at arousing disgust, puppet shows, etc. Supply chain of slabs and toilets elements Emptying and faecal treatment

9. International Symposium on Sustainable Cities Hygiene promotion Photo, sketches, drawing and scout song contests Puppet show followed by quiz on WASH Making noises in the streets Good practices exhibition, shows, spectacles, debates Films, spots, flyers, roll up Intensive media campaign

10. International Symposium on Sustainable Cities Lesson learnt Early consultation and participatory approaches are critical Include the vulnerability dimension Setting up a long term vision with the Water Utilities and local governments Costing including fecal sludge site Specific WASH master plan How to respond to demands raised from campaign Tools to rally stakeholders and to raise funds including domestic financing

11. International Symposium on Sustainable Cities www.wateraid.org WaterAid 47-49 Durham Street London, SE11 5JD www.wateraid.org Registered charity numbers 288701 (England and Wales) and SC039479 (Scotland)