1. CHAPTER 19 NEW IDEAS AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES, 1500-1789 SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT

2. Revolution in Science: The Laws of Nature New Ways of Thinking The Newtonian Universe The Popularity of Science

3. The Sciences of Society The “Age of Reason” English and Dutch Phases The French Philosophes and the Radical Enlightenment Enlightenment Thought and Women

4. The Sciences of Society International Responses to the French Enlightenment Faith or Reason? The Economic Critique: The Physiocrats and Adam Smith The Political Critique of the Old Regime

5. The Enlightenment of the Heart Philosophical Movements Religious Movements Humanitarian Movements

6. The Failure of Monarchical Reform The French Dilemma “Enlightened Despotism”: Frederick of Prussia, Catherine of Prussia, and Joseph of Austria

7. Changing Visions: The Arts in Early Modern Europe The Sixteenth Century: Mannerism Continued The Baroque The Dutch Exception Classicism Rococo and Neoclassism Classical Poetry and the Arrival of the Novel

8. YOU SHOULD UNDERSTAND The giant steps forward in science during the Age of Reason. How the scientific revolution affected philosophy and religion. Specific advances made in chemistry, medicine, and electricity.

9. YOU SHOULD UNDERSTAND The impact of reason upon political thought, especially its critique of absolutism. The reaction against scientific reasoning.