1. The Spread of Enlightenment Ideas
Chapter 6
Section 3 (pp )
Essential Question 4:
How did the ideas of the Age of Reason spread throughout Europe and how did they affect art and culture?

2. Three Major Objectives:
A World of Ideas
How did the ideas of the Enlightenment spread throughout Europe?
2. Art and Literature in the Age of Reason
How was the art and literature of this time influenced by
Enlightenment ideas of reason and order?
3. Enlightenment and the Monarchy
How did the absolute monarchs of this time try to apply Enlightenment ideas to their governments?

3. A World of Ideas
The ideas of the Enlightenment were spread by various means:
The salons of Paris
Philosophers, writers, artists, scientists, and others gathered to discuss/debate new ideas
Diderot’s Encyclopedia
One book that contains current ideas about science, art, and government
The Media (books, newspapers, magazines)
The increasingly literate middle-class purchased written materials to satisfy their growing curiosity

4. Art and Literature in the Age of Reason
The Neo-Classical style replaces the baroque style of art in 1700s
Simple, elegant style that stresses harmony & balance (borrowing from the ideas of the classical Greeks & Romans)
Haydn, Beethoven, and Mozart are among the great musical composers of this period
In literature, a new form of writing becomes popular --- the novel
Entertaining stories written in everyday English to appeal to the middle class
Robinson Crusoe, Pamela, and Tom Jones are early examples

5. Art in the Age of Enlightenment
The Enlightenment influenced painters of the time to look for inspiration in the material (secular) world – Nature, society, science, and individualism.

6. Enlightenment and the Monarchy
The ideas of the Enlightenment influenced the way in which some monarchs governed
Enlightened Despots were absolute monarchs who tried to rule more according to the ideas & spirit of the Enlightenment
Frederick II (the Great) of Prussia
Granted some religious freedoms, reduced censorship, improved education, and abolished use of torture

7. Enlightened Despots (cont.)
2. Joseph II of Austria tried to make radical reforms but failed
Freedom of worship
Tried to end serfdom
3. Catherine II (the Great) of Russia
Reformed Russian laws (tried to abolish torture & capital punishment; give religious freedom)
Legal reform failed
Improved life of serfs but fails to grant them freedom
Expanded Russian Empire and acquires a warm-weather port on Black Sea from Ottoman Empire