1. Infectious Diseases
Disease caused by the living pathogens within the body
pathogens (organisms that cause diseases)
Pathogens damage cell

2. Four Major Pathogen Groups:
Bacteria:
Viruses:
Fungi:
includes molds and yeast
Protists:
Infects the blood

3. How Pathogens Spread
Infected People
Soil:
Food
Water
Contaminated Objects
Infected Animals

4. Body’s Defenses (Barriers)
The following barriers trap and kill most pathogens:
Skin:
Contains destructive chemicals in the oil and sweat.
Breathing Passages:
Mucus and Cilia trap pathogens
Mouth & Stomach:
Saliva and Stomach acids

5. When pathogens Survive Barriers
Inflammatory Response
Fluid and White blood cells begin to fight the pathogen.
Causes Inflammation of blood vessels and Fever
White blood cells released from blood vessels
White blood cell involved is the phagocyte.
Phagocyte: engulf pathogens and break them down.

6. Third Line of Defense against pathogens
Immune System
Third Line of Defense against pathogens
Targets each kind of pathogen with white blood cells called lymphocytes.
Two types of Lymphocytes:
T-Cells – Identifies pathogen using antigens markers designed to recognize the pathogen
B-Cells – produce proteins called antibodies that destroy pathogens.

7. ACTIVITY DRAW HOW A T-CELL RECOGNIZES AN INVADING VIRUS.
Make sure to label all steps.
Hint use figure 7
Add color
Page 501

8. Preventing Infectious Disease
Through Active and Passive Immunity
Immunity: is the ability of an organism to destroy pathogens before they can cause disease.

9. Active Immunity
When an affective person own immune system produces antibodies in response to a pathogen.
Long lasting
Antibodies are produced through vaccination/immunization.
Vaccination: is the process by which harmless antigens are deliberately introduced into an organism.
Vaccine: substance used in the vaccination and consist of weakened pathogens.

10. PASSIVE IMMUNITY Results when antibodies are given to a person.
The antibodies that fight a pathogen come from a source other than the organisms body.
The antibodies only last a few months.

11. When you do get sick
A Bacterial infection can be treated by antibiotic.
Antibiotic: is a chemical that kills bacteria or slows their growth.
There is no treatment for viral illness but rest.

12. Summarize
Summarize infectious Diseases and how organisms fight against them.

13. Noninfectious Disease
Noninfectious Disease: are diseases not caused by pathogens in the body.
They are not transmitted from person to person.

14. What are the three top noninfectious diseases?
Allergies
Diabetes
Cancer

15. Allergies:
Allergy: is a disorder in which the immune system is overly sensitive to a foreign substance.
An allergy develops in response to various foreign substances that set off a series of reactions in the body.
Allergen: any substance that causes an allergy.

16. Allergies continued:
Histamine: is a chemical that is responsible for the symptoms of an allergy.
Some allergic reactions can create a condition called asthma.
Asthma is a disorder in which the respiratory passages narrow.

17. What is Diabetes?
Diabetes: is when either the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin or the body’s cells fail to properly use insulin.
Insulin: enables body cells to take in glucose from the blood and use it for energy.
A person with diabetes has a high level of glucose in the blood, but not enough in their cells.

18. What are the effects of diabetes?
Lose weight
Feel weak
Hungry all the time
Frequent urination
Blindness
Kidney failure
Heart disease

19. What are the types of Diabetes?
Usually begins in childhood/early adulthood
Pancreas produces little or no insulin
Requires insulin injections
Type 2
Develops during adulthood
Pancreas does not make enough insulin
Control through diet, weight control and exercise

20. Cancer develops from tumors. Cancer is caused by carcinogens.
What is Cancer?
Cancer: is a disease in which cells multiply uncontrollably, destroying healthy tissue.
Cancer develops from tumors.
Tumor: an abnormal tissue mass
Cancer is caused by carcinogens.
Carcinogens: substances or factors in the environment that cause cancer (cigarette smoke, UV rays)

21. Introduction of R.A.F.T. Project