1. Developmental Psychology Personality UNIT 9.2012  Does one's personality depend on heredity through genetic inheritance or on the environment in which someone leads his/her life?  What factors contribute MOST to our personality formation?

2. Factors that contribute to personality  heredity establishes the limits of one's personality traits that can be developed, while the environment influences the actual development within the limits. Cultural factors are related to the cultural values earned by someone in the course of his/her life, especially during the period when his/her personality is formed. These cultural values have a great impact upon an individual's behavior.  For example the arts Social factors are represented by family, religion and the groups of people one has made part of through the years. Situational factors emphasize or diminish some aspects of one's personality.  For example, a person that has experienced recently one failure

3. The original developers of the personality inventory were Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter, Isabel Briggs Myers. They began creating the indicator during World War II, believing that a knowledge of personality preferences would help women who were entering the industrial workforce for the first time to identify the sort of war-time jobs where they would be "most comfortable and effective. Myers Briggs 1962 Carl Jung’s Psychological Types, published in 1920, identified four psychological functions—thinking, feeling, sensation, and intuition—that can be experienced in an introverted or extraverted way. The inventory taken by you was a combination of the research above! Jungian Typology

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5. Personality is a pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world.  Psychodynamic perspectives emphasize that personality is primarily unconscious.  Psychodynamic theorists believe that behavior is only a surface characteristic and that to truly understand someone’s personality; we have to explore the symbolic meanings of that behavior and the deep inner workings of the mind.

6. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Psychoanalysis & Psychodynamic Explanation of Personality

7. The mind is like an iceberg. Most of it is beneath the surface.

9. Should I eat a bacon-double cheese burger?  Id – “Yes. It is yummy and I am hungry.”  Superego – “No. It is bad for my health. It is not an ecologically sustainable way to eat.”  Ego – Uses defense mechanism (rationalization) to satisfy id and superego. “Well, just this one time won’t hurt. I’m in a big hurry and wouldn’t it be worse if I had a sensible meal and then had to speed to get to my meeting on time?”

10. Anal Stage (18-36 mo.)

11. Defense Mechanisms – methods by which our ego reduces the anxiety produced by unconsciously distorting reality  repression: banishing anxiety-arousing thoughts and feelings  regression: retreating to an earlier, more infantile stage of development  reaction formation: unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses to their opposites  projection: disguising one’s own threatening impulses by attributing them to others  rationalization: generating self-justifying explanations in order to hide from the real reason for our actions  displacement: shifting unacceptable impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person  sublimation: rechannel unacceptable impulses into socially approved activities.

12. Defense Mechanisms (SKITS)  Repression  Reaction Formation  Projection  Rationalization  Displacement  Regression  Sublimation

13. Name that defense mechanism 1. A frustrated tennis player who just lost his match screams at the grocery bagger for being too slow. 2. An 8-year-old child whose parents are getting divorced starts wetting the bed. 3. A young woman forcing the memories of sexual abuse into her unconscious mind. 4. After suffering major losses in the stock market, Jim trades in his luxury car for a small, cheaper car claiming that he is doing his part in the battle against air pollution.

14. Name that defense mechanism. 5. After getting fired, Mr. James has been grumpy and short with his wife. 6. An aggressive young man takes up rugby to re-channel his aggressive impulses. 7. A student forgot that his dreaded final exam in geometry was Friday, despite having it marked on his calendar for weeks. 8. A young woman from a strict moral background becoming actively involved in an anti-pornography campaign.

15. Name that defense mechanism. 9. A student who wishes to cheat on an upcoming exam interpreting the anxiety of other students as a desire to cheat on the exam. 10. The person who is most difficult to convince in an argument says that everyone else is stubborn.

16. Assessing the Unconscious  Hypnosis  Freudian slips  Dream Interpretation  Free Association (having them just randomly talk to themselves…and then interpreting the conversation).  Projective Tests  Examples are TAT and Inkblot Tests.

17. Thematic Aperception Test (TAT)

19. RorschacH Inkblot Test

20. Neo-Freudians Alfred Adler Karen Horney Carl Jung

21. Modern Psychoanalysis  Reject:  Psychosexual stages  Id, ego, superego Maintain: −Role of the unconscious −Inner conflicts and Defense mechanisms