1. Chapter Outline Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present I. The Ottomans in the Early Modern Era II. Muslim Politics in Persia III. Early Modern India under the Mughals IV. The Qing Dynasty before the Opium War V. Korea in the 17th and 18th Centuries VI. Early Modern Japan: The Tokugawa Period VII. Southeast Asia: Political and Cultural Interactions VIII. Europeans on New Pacific Frontiers

2. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I. The Ottomans in the Early Modern Era A. Reorganization and Reform Rebellions > deposition of Osman II, 1622 Timars become hereditary B. The Age of the Köprülü Vizirs Mehmed IV, 1648, becomes sultan rivalries of Turhan Sultan and Kösem struggles between ulama and Sufis Lepanto Mehmet Köprülü (1586-1661) vizir reforms

3. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I. The Ottomans in the Early Modern Era C. The Tulip Period Ahmed III (1703-30) 1718, Ibrahim Pasha becomes vizir influential European influence Turkish language press founded by Ibrahim Müteferrika, 1720

4. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I. The Ottomans in the Early Modern Era D. Eighteenth-Century War, Relations and Reform Mahmud I (r. 1730-54) Comte de Bonneval Mustafa III (r. 1757-74) Baron de Tott Abdül-hamid I (r. 1774-89) Treaty of Küchük Kaynarca Crimea to Russia Wahhabi movement Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1703-92) seize Mecca, 1803 join with Sa'ud family E. The Reforms of Selim III Selim III (1789-1807) modernization of army, navy deposed by janissaries, 1807 > Mahmud II (1807-39)

5. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. II. Muslim Politics in Persia Safavid Empire 1723, ended by Afghan invasion Nadir Khan 1736, Shah assassinated Karim Khan Zand (1750-79) successors until 1794 Qajar Dynasty (1794-1924)

6. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. III. Early Modern India under the Mughals Aurangzeb (1658-1707) Islamic orthodoxy attacks Hindu institutions reimposes jizya Marathas opposition death of Aurangzeb > civil war Muhammad Shah (1719-48) fragmentation 1739, Nadir Shah loots Delhi 1747, Afghans chose Ahmad Khan (1747-73) Durr-i Durran ("Pearl of Pearls") sacks Delhi, 1756 defeats Marathas Maratha Confederacy Shivaji Bhonsle Hindu

7. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. III. Early Modern India under the Mughals A. The Europeans in India Dutch British - East India Company Mercantilism cloth production East India Company increasingly assertive

8. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. IV. The Qing Dynasty before the Opium War 1644-c. 1820 - China prospers by 1820, China 33% of world's GDP Manchus help Ming put down Li Zicheng Nurhachi (1559-1616) builds Manchu state Manchuria, north of Great Wall Hong Taiji, son of Nurhachi Qing dynasty A. Manchu Imperial Rule Emperor Shunzhi (1644-61) successor Kangxi defeats Ming opposition Kangxi (1662-1722)

9. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. IV. The Qing Dynasty before the Opium War B. Society and Culture Yuan Mei (1716-97) Wu Jingzi (1701-54) The Scholars Cao Xueqin (1715-65) The Dream of the Red Chamber C. Challenges Heshen favorite of Qianlong corrupt, robbing > White Lotus movement 1796-1804 social equality deliverance by Maitreya Tribute system regulation of foreign trade Britain sells opium for tea

10. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. V. Korea in the 17th and 18th Centuries Chos ǒ n Dynasty strengthens military King Y ǒ ngjo (1724-76) and grandson, King Ch ǒ ngjo (1776-1800) welfare, taxes Kim Hongdo (b. 1745), Shin Yunbok (b. 1758) Han'gul used Yangban scholars Yu Hy ǒ ngw ǒ n follower of Zhu Xi silhak - "practical learning" influenced by Western thinking

11. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. VI. Early Modern Japan: The Tokugawa Period Status Groups: samurai, farmer, artisan, merchant Sh ǒ guns Alternate attendance system attendance on Sh ǒ guns at Edo A. The Tokugawa and the World attempt to keep out Christianity > closed-doors to Westerners avoid Chinese tribute system but open to China c. 1700

12. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. VI. Early Modern Japan: The Tokugawa Period B. Economic Growth and Social Change Self-governance growth of towns Famines, 1730's, 1780's > reforms Sh ǒ gun Yoshimune (1716-45) cuts expenses, etc. Tanuma Okitsugu (1719-1788) economic reforms C. Early Modern Scholarship and Ideology Zhu Xi Confucianism blended with Shint ǒ Hayashi Raxan (1583-1657) Yamazaki Ansai (1618-82) Bushid ǒ - "way of the warrior" Study of Japan's past Notoori Norinaga (1730-1801) studies Tale of Genji "Dutch Learning" translations of Western works

13. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. VI. Early Modern Japan: The Tokugawa Period D. Culture and Society The "Floating World" art for mass consumption Matsuo Bash ǒ (1644-1694) haiku Narrow Road to the North Ihara Saikaku (1642-93) Life of an Amorous Man, 1682 Life of an Amorous Woman, 1686 The Eternal Storehouse of Japan, 1688 Worldly Mental Calculations, 1682 Chikamatsu Monzaemon (1653-1724) Hishikawa Moronobu (1620?-94) Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849) And ō Hiroshige (1797-1858)

14. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. VII. Southeast Asia: Political and Cultural Interactions A. Europeans Dutch control Indonesia, Malacca dictate crops French Alexhandre de Rhodes missionary activity in Vietnam pushed our of Thailand, 1688 Spanish from 1521, Magellan Philippines

15. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. VII. Southeast Asia: Political and Cultural Interactions B. Conflict Alaungpaya, Burmese leder 1752, drives Mons from captital 1760, destroys Ayuthaya Qing threaten Burma Thailand 1782, General Chakri becomes king unites Thailand restoration after Burmese attacks Indonesia Dutch Control

16. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. VII. Southeast Asia: Political and Cultural Interactions Vietnam Le Dynasty, founded 1428 South, Nguyen dynasty rules by 1720, Cambodia, Saigon, Phnom Penh Tay Son Uprising, 1771 Qing support Le family French support Nguyen Anh gain foothold Nguyen Anh becomes Emperor Gia Long, 1902 build infrastructure

17. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. VIII. Europeans on New Pacific Frontiers A. Russians 1632, Yakutsk, Eastern Siberia 1728, Vitus Bering Danish Bering strait Okhotsk B. Explorations `Louis de Bougainville Sandwich Islands (Hawaii) Australia, New Guinea, New Britai James Cook Antartica, Arctic C. Impact Kamehameha 1790, unites three main Hawaiian islands East Asian commerce transformed