1. What animal has four legs when they are babies, two legs when they become more mature, and three legs when they are old? ? Riddle:

3. Questions: Around what age, babies can crawl? Around what age, babies can walk? Around what age, babies can speak? Around what age, children always say “no” to you and show resistance to great extend? Around what age, children might always be confused about “b/d” “q/p” or “6/9”?

4. What else also functions or affects an individual’s life through different periods? Ethnicity ● Gender ● SES ● Religion

5. Chapter 8 AGE §childhood §adolescence §adulthood §the aged

6. Social class and poverty Immigrant children Children, ethnic awareness and prejudice Children abuse

7. 1.Social Class and Poverty: ＊ single parent family (single mom) ① no adequate male role model ② the entire burden of discipline and financial support ③ not sufficient care from single parent ＊ peer pressure ＊ psychological problems ＊ suffering from adequate housing, nutrition and medical care

8. Around what age, children begin to understand what’s meant by rich and poor?

9. 2. Immigrant children As an immigrant student, you would feel … Awkward Confused Ashamed Inadequate Uncomfortable Inferior shocked

10. 3. Children, Ethnic Awareness and Prejudice Despite the overall improvement in race relations and lower level of prejudice among parents, the level of prejudice among young children ages 4 to 7 hasn’t declined in the last 40 years and continues to remain high.

11. Young children’s ethnic awareness and prejudice at different ages: ＃ Age 3: are able to identify with others of the same color or racial groups, they may develop an awareness of people who are different from themselves. ＃ Age 4-5: about 75% children are able to correctly identify ethnic groupings. By ages 6 and 7, children are able to identify at close to 100% accuracy. ＃ Age 5: develop high levels of prejudice toward other racial groups. Those children hold biased attitudes towards other groups are simply reflecting their parents’ attitudes. ＃ Age 6-7: More prejudiced than their parents, do not adopt the open and unbiased attitudes of parents.

12. ☆ neglect (53.6%) ☆ physically abused (22.7%) ☆ sexually abused (25.3%) ☆ others (chronically emotional abuse)

13. The incidence rates of children abuse varies from one ethnic/racial group to another : White children Asia/Pacific islanders American Indians/Alaska natives African American Latinos  Africa American (20.7%)  American Indians /Alaska natives (19.8% )  Latinos (10.6%)  White children (8.5%)  Asia/Pacific islanders (3.8%)